Introduction (22 words) I am going to argue that Turing is wrong to state that passing the Turing test is sufficient to be considered intelligent. Exposition (470 words) Turing's basic argument is that it is meaningless to consider to consider the question "Can machines think" in an abstract sense and that it would be almost impossible to quantify what that question even means. He proposes to break down this argument into a simpler form, which seems to be along the lines of "Can a machine imitate a human well enough to be mistaken for a human?" He calls this argument "the imitation game" which is a fairly self explanatory name. Turing believes one of the main issues is that most people approach machines with an inbuilt bias that humans are …show more content…
There are numerous arguments for why this would not be true. Humans have no standardized methodology when it comes to answering questions. This might be seen as a negative in terms of a computer's ability to answer as a human would, but humans talk in non sequiturs all the time. The human "train of thought" is followed by such fuzzy logic that a question such as "What do you think about today's weather" might lead to a response like "I could really use a Nathan's hot dog from Coney Island right now." If a human answered the question like that, the one asking the question would simply think "He must think the weather is great and want to go to Coney Island, and has good memories of Nathan's." The one asking the question would not think, "What kind of response is that? Is he even human?" The Turing Test seems to have two inherent limitations on its effectiveness, the imagination of the programmer and the imagination of the one asking the questions. If we want to consider "stumping" someone with a question that they would not be able to answer to be our condition for discerning the difference between a machine and a human, then humans would fail to be considered a human all the time. Standard questions such as "Do you know what love is" or "How does happiness feel like" would also elicit a babble of words from most humans since most humans have an inability to put their feelings into words. If someone responded to "How do you feel when you're in love" with "I feel a flush, an increased heart rate, slight dizziness, and my pupils dilating," would you consider that person to be a machine or just a biologist with a very literal personality? The comparisons between human and machines are also very rarely done under similar circumstances. When we envision a human participating in any test or comparison with a machine, we probably picture an average male or female, probably at
AI or artificial intelligence is not a modern concept, but rather a field of research that dates back to the mid-twentieth century. More recently though, privately owned Open AI has created a chatbot that uses artificial intelligence to respond to human formed questions. Gaining a public interest, Chat GPT satisfactorily passed a UPENN Wharton Business Exam, ranking notable scores in the English section, but unsatisfactory levels in the math section. When tasked with comparing the principles of the transcendentalists with Christopher Mccandless from Into the Wild, GPT produces an unsatisfactory essay. Although Chat GPT compares the transcendentalist lifestyle of Christopher Mccandless and the Transcendentalists logically, many of the arguments
This narrows down the playing field a good bit farther, eliminating most species of animals that exist today. Intelligence can be described and defined using many different interpretations, but a simple one that will suffice our purpose is thus: “the comparative level of performance of a system in reaching its own objectives” (Kaplan). The Monster in Frankenstein definitely shows evidence of having objectives and achieving them. After discovering fire and what uses it may have, the Monster says, “’I busied myself in collecting a great quantity of wood, that I might dry it, and have a plentiful supply of fire’” (Shelley 99).
I partially disagree with the last statement because although I do recognize that we are becoming more dependent on what our computers can do, there are some aspects in which a computer can totally fail but a human wont. A Computer can provide you with outstanding amounts of information that anyone may require to complete a task, but no one should expect the computer to do all the job, it is only a tool that provides us with some of the means to achieve a goal, the rest will depend on human help. One good contradiction to this is the fact that some people will preffer to speak to a machine rather than a human, but that problem should not only be blamed on computers but rather the way in which one develop and performs
The 1982 movie Blade Runner, directed by Ridley Scott, blends science fiction and film noir into a masterfully crafted thriller that delves into the subjective realm of being “alive” and “human.” Set in the post-apocalyptic world of Los Angeles, the story reveals that humans have taken artificial intelligence and genetic engineering into a whole new level of realism. Artificially grown beings, known as Replicants, rebel against slavery and flee to Earth. This action results in the formation of an elite group of police known as Blade Runners, who use a test that calculates emotional responses, which are the only thing that Replicants can’t process correctly. The Replicants confront the selectivity of what it means to be “human” throughout the film causing the protagonist, Rick Deckard, to question both himself and the established rules of humanity.
Alan Turing: The Enigma is a scientific biography of one of the most brilliant minds in history. Andrew Hodges provides a detailed account of Alan’s life and shows his various contributions to history, mathematics, science etc. It also shows how instead of giving him an exceptional status he was forced to live a horrid life that ultimately led him to commit suicide. Andrew Hodges is a British mathematician, which helped him give a clear insight in Alan Turing’s life and his theories. The book opens up by describing Alan’s life in Britain and his family background.
Thus, the CR proves that computers cannot understand language. Furthermore, my argument supports Searle’s (1980) claim that computers cannot explain human cognition, as they cannot attain knowledge for they are incapable of intelligence. It is impossible for a computer to explain human cognition when it is incapable of performing those very same abilities. Therefore, strong artificial intelligence is
In his essay “Minds, Brains, and Programs”, John R. Searle argues that a computer is incapable of thinking, and that it can only be used as a tool to aid human beings or can simulate human thinking, which he refers to as the theory of weak AI (artificial intelligence). He opposes the theory of strong AI, which states that the computer is a mind and can function similarly to a human brain – that it can reason, understand, and be in different cognitive states. Searle does not believe a computer can think because human beings have programmed all the functions it is able to perform, and that computers can only compute (transform) the information it is given (351ab¶1). Searle clarifies the meaning of understanding as he uses it by saying that an
Based upon the analysis, Parnas’ article is geared more towards people involved in the field of Artificial Intelligence where Eldridge’s article is geared towards people who are not necessarily knowledgeable about Artificial Intelligence yet are interested to learn more about the topic. Throughout the article, Parnas maintains the skeptical attitude towards Artificial Intelligence, literally ending with “Devices that use heuristics to create the illusion of Intelligence present a risk we should not accept” (Parnas, 6). Eldridge on the other hand, maintains a positive attitude throughout the article despite the shortcomings of AI. Together, both authors provide compelling arguments for and against Artificial
In Alan Turing’s paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence, he proposes a thought experiment that would eventually be tested, and even later be beaten. He describes an experiment where a man and a woman are in two different rooms and an outside observer has to guess at the sexes of the participants. He then suggests that one of the participants be replaced with a computer. Once humanity is unable to tell the difference and will guess that the computer is human at the same rate that it will guess that it is a machine will answer Turing’s thesis of, “Can machines think?’ (434).
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE? There has been many debates as well as
— Bill Gates Bottom Line Artificial intelligence was once a sci-fi movie plot but it is now happening in real life. Humans will need to find a way to adapt to these breakthrough technologies just as we have done in the past with other technological advancement. The workforce will be affected in ways difficult to imagine as for the first time in our history a machine will be able to think and in many cases much more precisely than
To pass the test a machine will need to have a sophisticated knowledge of human behaviour to impress judges by adding quirks such as wrong answers and typing errors to appear more human. The capability to fake being human, rather than exhibiting true intelligence goes against the spirit of the Turing test (Legg and Hutter, 2007). The Turing test is also fundamentally unreliable as it depends on human judges to decide on classifying a test subject as a human or machine. This has lead in some cases to unintelligent machines passing the test and a case of a human failing the test, according to Shieber (1994) as cited by Legg and Hutter (2007). The Eliza effect arguably demonstrates the unreliability of humans as judges of machine intellgence.
Many people grow to be intelligent by studying and learning so much in school. But even at a young age, Albert was an incredibly intellectual person in a logical sense. He may not have been able to walk until three years old, but in school, he was incredibly accelerated. “By the time he was 13, Albert was reading and understanding scientific material that many adults would have found impossible to follow” (Ireland 7). This shows that Albert Einstein is intelligent because it shows how gifted he was above all people.
The Imitation Game The Imitation Game is a historical drama based on the life of Alan Turing. Turing was a legendary cryptanalyst, mathematician, computer scientist, logician, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. The film, begins in 1939, when British intelligence recruits the Cambridge mathematician alumnus to help a team of specialists crack Nazi communication codes, including the Enigma. At the time, the Enigma was thought to be unbreakable.
However, so does many other animals and certain objects. Many of the great apes for example, are intelligent beings that have been shown to be able to recognize itself in the mirror 1. Certain robots, as artificial intelligence progresses are considered intelligent, many gaining elements of human linguistic capability, in some cases. This therefore raises the question, if these entities qualify as a person, are they therefore a person in equal measure to human beings? The answer is no.