Part 2: Report and Reflection Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to enable me to gain a comprehensive understanding of the role and mechanisms of the plasma membrane in controlling cellular transport. By exploring the fluid mosaic model, I delineated the structure of the plasma membrane and understood how its specific composition allows for selective permeability facilitating the influx and efflux of various molecules. I also understood the role of transporter proteins in the active and passive transportation of different molecules. Additionally, I explored the various modes of active transport, as well as the distinct classes of ion channels and carrier molecules and comprehended how they ensure only the right molecules enter the cell …show more content…
B Nuclear pores Gateways within the nuclear membrane that allow for the selective exchange of molecules such as RNA and proteins between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. C Nucleoli genetic material Site for ribosomal RNA (rRNA)production. D Cytoplasm Fluid matrix that houses the cell organelles and serves as the site for numerous cellular processes including glycolysis and protein folding. E Nuclear lamina Protein meshwork lining the inner nuclear membrane providing structural support to the nucleus. F Cell membrane Selectively permeable regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell and maintaining cellular homeostasis. G Mitochondrion Energy production in cellular respiration. H Cytoskeleton Provides mechanical resistance to deformation, enables cell movement, and intracellular transport. I Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders like some bacteria. 3.What is tonicity and how does it affect the condition of the cell? (1 …show more content…
It describes how an extracellular solution can change the volume of a cell by affecting osmosis. If the extracellular fluid has higher osmolarity than the cell's cytoplasm, the cell will lose water and shrink (hypertonic solution). If the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity, water will enter the cell, which may cause it to swell and even burst (hypotonic solution). An isotonic solution has the same osmolarity as the cell, so there is no net movement of water. 4.When is a hypotonic IV solution administered to patients? Why? (1 point) A hypotonic IV solution is administered to patients who have dehydrated cells. It contains fewer solutes than the cells in the body, causing water to move into the cells by osmosis. This helps to rehydrate the cells and restore their function. 5.Reflection: Reflect on at least 2 key concepts you have learned from this simulation. How would you relate it to the physiological functions of the
the nuclear membrane is a double membrane structure that acts as a barrier separating the nucleus and the cytoplasm. 4. Mitochondria- termed as the “powerhouse of the cell,” the mitochondria is responsible for the production of ATP and cellular respiration. Energy is converted in this structure and used for the different activities that take place within the cell. 5.
Factors Affecting the Rate of Osmosis I. Research Question: How does the amount of Monosodium glutamate or MSG (C5H8NO4Na) concentration affect the osmosislarity of cow (Bos taurus ) liver cells? II. Background information Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration. The factors affecting the rate of osmosis are temperature, concentration gradient, molecular size, surface area to volume ratio, and permeability. Animal liver cells, such as cow liver cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane.
Regulating the osmolarity can be accomplished by balancing the concentration of sodium ions with the correct volume of water. Sodium is the main ion that affects the osmolarity of extracellular fluids. The regulation of osmolarity must be assimilated with the regulation of water volume as any changes to one will affect the other. When you need more body fluids you will lose more water than sodium and the osmolarity of the body fluids will increase. The body must keep a certain amount of water however a large amount of sodium can be allowed to be lost.
The cytoskeleton of the eukaryote holds the cell together, and keeps the membrane from disintegrating. The cell wall in the prokaryote gives structure and support. Prokaryotes need the cell walls to give them shape, as they do not have a supporting skeleton on the inside (Jiskha Homework
One way they may use energy is by conducting photosynthesis to produce chemical energy from sunlight. The membrane systems of cells manage an internal constancy within the cell and different internal components. Proteins allow movement of just the right materials moving in and out of the cells. 1. Describe the fluid mosaic structure of cellular membranes.
Therefore the hematocrit must remain above 10% for sufficient oxygen to reach the body’s cells. The key to treating a patient suffering from Hypovolemia is to maintain a balance between the urine output and the hematocrit percentage. Hypothesis or research question: I believe that a saline solution alternating on and off will maintain the urine flow rate and the hematocrit percentage longer than a patient administered with a constant saline drip of the same rate (mL/min) and concentration (mMol/L). This process would temporarily halt the dilution of hematocrit.
Golgi bodies function as the packaging department of the cell because it prepares proteins and lipids for transport and use outside of the cell. The vacuoles serves as the storage room for the cell and endoplasmic reticulum is the conveyor belt that moves materials around the cell. 2. How are plant and animal cells
Knowing that the concentration of different ions are not the same on the inside and the outside of the cell, yet we know that the important nature of the membrane is its permeability. The sodium-potassium pump is used to keep an osmotic balance across the membrane, by keeping the concentration of sodium ions low on the inside, because the sodium and potassium ions have the same charge, but sodium is smaller molecule and has a bigger charge density. That makes sodium more attracted to water molecules, and so the sodium will have a larger diameter, and that makes it harder to cross the inside of the membrane, that is why it is restricted from the inside. Because there is little sodium ions on the inside there has to be plentiful cations on the
The cell membrane regulates the deoxyribonucleic acid, enzymes, and it builds a pathways for any reaction such as metabolic. When waste products are present the cell membrane gets rid of it and the cell membrane allows important things inside . A great example of what the cell membrane allows in or out is water and oxygen. Specific molecules are only made to enter the cell which is also called semipermeable. Molecules can be passed by active transport or either passive transport.
Cell membrane- the blue outside layer on my model: The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer. The membrane excludes, takes in, and excretes various substances, all in specific amounts. In addition, they must able to communicate with other cells. The plasma membrane needs lipids, which make a semi-permeable barrier between the cell and its environment. It also needs proteins, which are involved in cross-membrane transport and cell communication.
There are two types of pumps antiport (pumps in both direction) and synport (one direction). When transporting large particle there are two type’s endocytosis (into the cell) and exocytosis (out of). Endocytosis Endocytosis is the process in which large particles are taken inside the cell through changing the shape of the cell membrane. There are two main types of this, phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
Both prokaryote and eukaryote cells have a cell membrane. The cell membrane has a vital role in the functioning of a cell as it not only keeps all cellular components of the cell within the cell, but it controls what enters and exits the cell. The membrane covers the surface of all living cells which contains most organelles within the cells, enabling the cells to change shape. While the membrane partakes a number of different functions so the cell can survive, it is most responsible for the action of diffusion and osmosis within the cell.
The nucleus contains the DNA, with genetic codes that helps to shape the inherited traits. The cytoplasm is like a workshop in the cell, where most functions occur. Mitochondria in the cell which provides energy from the conversion of food, which let the human body to function. They are tiny compartments found within cells and they perform lots of
a. Cell membrane in eukaryotes The main function of the cell membrane in a eukaryote cell is to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell and separates the cell from its external environment. It is made up mainly of protein and lipids, most importantly phospholipids. The phospholipids are arranged into a bilayer that makes up the barrier around all cells. Each phospholipid molecule contains a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic, fatty acid chain groups as its tail.
Various models and mechanisms for the solvent and solute transport mechanism through reverse osmosis membrane have been developed and proposed by a number of investigators and researchers. The flow of solvent through the membrane is defined in terms of flux as: The solvent flux of the permeate depends on the hydraulic pressure applied across the membrane, minus the difference in the osmotic pressure of the solutions of the feed and permeate side of the membrane which is written as. While the solute flux depends on the concentration gradient as: The membrane rejection is defined as the difference between the feed concentration and permeate concentration as: From the solvent and solute flux Equations.