. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Eastern Ethics that carefully introduces the difficult issues surrounding cross-cultural ethics and moral thought. One of the simplest way to explore the many, many theories of human ethics or moral principles is according to the parts of the world they came from. On the other hand, cultures of Asia tend more towards what we call Eastern Philosophy. Eastern Philosophy may arrive at the same ethical conclusions as Western ones but they tend to take different paths getting there. Still, there are number of Eastern Philosophies as well. Over most in influential Eastern theories of ethics tend to be focused around two cultures, both very different and both very, very ancient.
II. HIGHLIGHTS/DISCUSSION According to
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Arthur Schopenhauer developed a philosophy that was essentially a synthesis of Hinduism with Western thought. He anticipated that the Upanishads (primary Hindu scriptures) would have a much greater influence in the West than they have had. However, Schopenhauer was working with heavily flawed early translations (and sometimes second-degree translations), and many feel that he may not necessarily have accurately grasped the Eastern philosophies which interested him.
Recent attempts to incorporate Western philosophy into Eastern thought include the Kyoto School of philosophers, who combined the phenomenology of Husserl with the insights of Zen Buddhism. Watsuji Tetsurô, a 20th-century Japanese philosopher attempted to combine the works of Søren Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Heidegger with Eastern philosophies. Some have claimed that there is also a definite eastern element within Heidegger's philosophy. For the most part this is not made explicit within Heidegger's philosophy, apart from in the dialogue between a Japanese and inquirer. Heidegger did spend time attempting to translate the Tao Te Ching into German, working with his Chinese student Paul Hsaio. It has also been claimed that much of Heidegger's later philosophy, particularly the sacredness of Being, bears a distinct similarity to Taoist ideas. There are clear parallels between Heidegger and the work of Kyoto School, and ultimately,
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The German phenomenologist Jean Gebser's writings on the history of consciousness referred to a new planetary consciousness that would bridge this gap. Followers of these two authors are often grouped together under the term Integral thought.
Swiss psychologist Carl Jung was deeply influenced by the I Ching. The I Ching (Book of Changes) is an ancient Chinese text from the Shang Dynasty (Bronze Age 1700BC-1050BC), and uses a system of Yin and Yang, which it places into hexagrams for the purposes of divination. Carl Jung's idea of synchronicity moves towards an Oriental view of causality, as he states in the foreword to Richard Wilhelm's translation of the I Ching (Book of Changes). He explains that this Chinese view of the world is based not on science as the West knows it, but on
However, after Tzu death, Confucianism was crowned the new philosopher of china. As the newly appointed philosopher, he denies all of Tzu opposing views about mankind, but agrees to Mencius another famous Confucian after Confucius himself optimistic theories. Notwithstanding, Tzu was the first philosopher to develop Confucius observation that holds a general truth, for example “if ain’t broke, don’t fix it” into a system of complete thought that become today one of the significant development of the Chinese philosophy. In contrast, he disagrees with the Confucius ideology of human nature, but accepted his analysis on the importance of education that changed a lot of people throughout the Chinese history to commit their lives relating to serious academic learning. Tzu uses figurative words as a main form of procedure to back up his arguments.
Many of scholars believe that Buddhism was not the main teaching in early China. As many of the scholars see that Confucism was an active teaching or philosophy during the same time as Buddhism. For example, in document 2, Confucius has written records, while Buddhism does not, “Confucian Classics do not contain everything... Buddha is not mentioned.(Document 3)” In document 3, they also used the comparison of Confucius to Buddha, “white deer to a unicorn... swallow to a phoenix,(Document 3)” which is the comparison of a real animal to a fantasy animal.
The Indo-European belief-system revolved around a pantheon of gods and goddesses. It also came to include the concept of the “Round of Spirit ” – rebirth of the psyche from one tool (including both animals and humans) to another. Later, the estimate of the material universe being an illusion became widespread. Such ideas were emphasised more strongly in the new teachings of Jainism and Buddhism, which both also had their parentage in ancient India, in the geezerhood around 500
To begin with, the origins and basic principles of Confucianism and Buddhism and explored, followed by the issue that when and how both
Unfittingly, the most popular portrayal of Buddha’s attitude towards philosophy is illustrated by his “Parable of the Poisoned Arrow”. The parable is a response to the skeptic’s enquiries into the Buddha’s metaphysical views. To summarize this parable; a poisonous arrow wounds a man. His companions and relatives wish to provide him with a surgeon. But, the man says, “I will not have the arrow removed until I know who it was that wounded me.”
Confucius believed that there is an order in the universe. The key idea of Confucianism is that it is political and ethical and not spiritual at all and the idea of filial piety, or idea that everyone has a specific place or job in a community or family. As in document 1, Confucius wrote “ Filial piety and brotherly respect are the root of
So in the wake of taking the look of thoughts of both authors, I can conclude that correspondence,
The sculptures are mainly about the gods and goddesses or other historical figures within Taoism, such as Laozi. The yin and yang symbol is considered to be the primary symbol which core idea is balancing polar opposites, which is in this case shown in Taoist
Moreover, there is no universal truth in ethics, only various cultural codes instead. On the other point of view, it has been suggested that the world should derive an objective truth in every action. This essay will argue against the existence of objective truth in
The concept of ethics entails systemizing, justifying, and recommending right and wrong conduct. It involves in practical reasoning: good, right, duty, obligation, virtue, freedom, rationality, and choice. Humanity has questioned this concept of ethics and ‘good’ for as long as it has survived, as it deals with real-life issues such as “what is morally right and wrong?” and “how do people ought to act?”
In this paper, we’ll study some of their famous pedagogy thought to explore what influences they have brought to the Chinese and westerners’ cognition and behavior and why the two civilizations developed in same period would diverge in such a degree. Furthermore, I
Arthur Schopenhauer was a 19th century German philosopher whose ideology is a prime example of philosophical pessimism. Schopenhauer was strongly influenced by Plato and Immanuel Kant, as well as by Eastern religions like Buddhism, yet he rejected the prevalent at the time post-Kantian philosophies of German idealism and optimism. He believed that humans live in a world dominated by a malignant metaphysical “will to live” which causes our lives to consist only of suffering in the form of pain and boredom. In order to at least somewhat alleviate this endless strife of life, Schopenhauer proposed the adoption of an ascetic mindset. “Studies in Pessimism” is a selection of essays from Schopenhauer’s Parerga (Greek for “Appendices”), the first
In today’s world, many people tend to have a set of ethical principles which is one of the guidelines for them to follow on. The question is how he or she defines ethics? To answer, Ethics is best defined as knowing what is right or wrong in the action based on the moral principles. Moreover, it is also known as the branch of knowledge that deals with ethical issues. In relation, there are some ethical theories which deal with the ethical issues.
Heidegger believes that in order “ for a human …work to flourish, man must be able to mount from the depth of his home ground into the ether ” That is to say that anything meaningful in this world is contingent upon knowing our origin. Therefore, by denying our thoughtlessness simply by recognizing our advancement in science and technology, we are only further justifying what Heidegger wishes to assert as we fail to use meditative