Language & Linguistics

The nature and structure of human speech and the use by humans of voice sounds and written symbols representing these sounds in organized patterns to express and communicate thoughts and feelings.

Sub-headings:

American Sign Language

Arabic

Chinese

Czech

English

English as a Second Language (ESL)

These resources provide information for teaching and learning English as a Second Language. Resources range from discussions of English as a Second Language issues to practical activities for teachers and learners.

Finnish

French

Gaelic

German

Greek

Hawaiian

Hebrew

Hindi

Hungarian

Indonesian

Italian

Japanese

Korean

Latin

Linguistics

Mohawk

Other Non-English Languages

Portuguese

Romanian

Russian

Spanish

Swahili

Swedish

Thai

Translation Dictionaries

Dictionaries that, given a word in one language, will show the identical or related word in another language.

Turkish

Resources in this category:

1st International Collection of Tongue Twisters
http://www.uebersetzung.at/twister/

A collection of over 2000 international tongue twisters in more than 100 languages. Several of the entries have translations. Accepts contributions.

Alpha Dictionary Language Directory
http://www.alphadictionary.com/langdir.html

A directory of Internet sites that offer tutorials, lessons, dictionaries, and other ways of learning grammars in a variety of world languages. Organized alphabetically by language.

The AlphaDictionary Site: Dr. Goodword's Office
http://www.alphadictionary.com/index.shtml

Provides a "wealth of selected and annotated links to dictionaries, grammars, articles, newspapers, and other resources in more than 300 different languages." Includes fun word games and various teachers.

Center for Nonverbal Studies
http://center-for-nonverbal-studies.org/

An organization dedicated to the study of all forms of non-spoken communication. Includes thorough explanation of the various forms of non-verbal communication.

Countries
http://www.ipl.org/div/pf/entry/48458

Do you need to do a school report on Finland? Are you looking for information about countries in Latin America? This IPL pathfinder is designed to find print and Internet resources about nations and regions around the world. You may have to consult a variety of sources before you find all the information that you need.

Digital Dialects
http://www.digitaldialects.com/

Free online tutorials for over 50 languages teach basic vocabulary and verb use. Audio lessons and interactive games make learning a new language more fun than ever before. Learn words in Spanish, French, German, English, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Russian and more. Requires use of Flash Player.

Foreign Languages for Travelers
http://www.travlang.com/languages/

Are you studying a foreign language? Would you like to learn how to say "yes" or "please" in dozens of languages? At the Travlang site, you can listen to basic words and phrases, such as numbers and "thank you," being said in over 60 languages.

Gender Fair Language
http://www.ccp.rpi.edu/genderfair.html

As culture changes, so does language. Reflect our changing ideas in your writing with gender fair language! This site provides an overview of the concept, as well as helpful examples for making your writing clear and direct regarding gender.

Glossary of Linguistic Terms
http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/ind...

An online book that has a large glossary of linguistic terms.

Language Tools
http://www.itools.com/lang/

Provides useful tools for translating, looking up words, thesauruses, a crossword and scrabble solver and a dictionary of technical or industry specific terminology.

Jennifer's Language Page
http://www.elite.net/~runner/jennifers/index.htm

Translations for several basic words and phrases in hundreds of languages including indigenous languages. No pronunciation guide.

Language and Linguistics: A Special Report
http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/linguistics/intro.js...

Curious about how language evolves and is learned check out this site to find the answers!

Language Guide
http://www.languageguide.org/

Provides basic vocabulary in many languages along with a quicktime recording of the word.

Language Identifier - Xerox Research Centre Europe
http://www.xrce.xerox.com/competencies/content-analysis/tool...

Enter a sentence of 5 or more words and this tool will guess the language from its list of 47 recognized languages.

Say Hello to the World
http://www.ipl.org/div/kidspace/hello/

Are you interested in learning to speak another language? Here you can learn over 30 and you can learn about the people who speak that language, too!

Silva Rhetoricae: The Forest of Rhetoric
http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/silva.htm

Explores the art of persuasive speaking and writing skills through a comprehensive dictionary of rhetorical devices and terms.

Useful Expressions and Greetings in 26 Languages
http://www.nypl.org/branch/central/dlc/df/useful.html

From "Good morning" to "Good night", and "Happy Birthday" to "Happy Anniversary", this is the site where you can learn these useful phrases (and many more!) in twenty-six languages --including Chinese, Danish, Hebrew, Italian, Spanish, Turkish and Vietnamese.

VOA Pronounciation Guide
http://names.voa.gov/

Can't pronounce those foreign names you hear on the news? Use the VOA Pronunciation Guide to sound sophisticated! Provides pronunciation key and a short MP3 audio clip (to download) for hundreds of names in current international news.

Wolfram|Alpha
http://www.wolframalpha.com/

Wolfram Alpha quickly locates facts, graphs, definitions, tables, numbers, formulas, and other data. Use the "Examples" page to browse and see all the different topics covered.

Word2Word - Online Dictionaries and Translators
http://www.word2word.com/dictionary.html

Web directory. A listing of online translation dictionaries, organized alphabetically by language.