At the year 1524, Martin Luther, a significant figure in the Reformation and the founder of Lutheranism, had just finished hiding in Frederick the Wise’s Saxony castle after the Edict of Worms declared that he was an “outlaw” of the Holy Roman Empire. Luther’s action that led up to this event was the publication of the 95 Theses in 1517, which denounced indulgences and attacked the corruption of the papacy. Luther was able to remain hidden due to the extreme decentralization of the Holy Roman Empire. Emperor Charles V could not devote much of his attention to Luther, as he was controlling Spain, The Holy Roman Empire, and the New World. Furthermore, he was fighting two wars: the Habsburg-Valois Wars, and the war against the Ottoman Empire. …show more content…
The nobility primarily believed that the revolt was unnecessary and condemned the actions of the peasants. In response to the Peasant Parliament of Swabia’s “Articles of the Peasants of Memmingen”, the Memmingen Town Council stated that “the serfdom of a Christian is no hindrance to the salvation of his soul” (Doc 3) The Town Council is effectively stating here that religion is not a just reason for rebellion. It is safe to assume from that statement that they believe that the Peasant Revolt lacked a reason and was unnecessary. As this reply is from a town council, the point of view of this document is highly reliable and would align with the point of view of the members on the council, the lords/nobility. Another response to the revolts from a members of the nobility was from the Imperial Diet, the advisors of Emperor Charles V (Doc 7). Their point of view is extremely credible because the Imperial Diet was composed of significant figures of the nobility that had a large influence of the actions of the Emperor, the highest position of nobility that existed at this time. The Imperial Diet stated that the rebellions were “unchristian” and that the “common man rather grievously forgot himself.” This echoes the common theme of condemnation among the nobility. While some nobles responded by openly condemning the rebellion, others were forced to join it. As a nobleman, Christoffel von Lichtenstein, states, he was forced to “swear an oath of allegiance” to the rebelling peasants (Doc 6). He also says that many other nobles joined the rebellion because “no help … would come from the prince” and did it to save their lives. This supports the idea that the nobles were outnumbered and had no choice but to join the peasants. However, the point of view of this document may contain bias; Christoffel von Lichtenstein was legally pleading to his superior that he had no choice but to swear allegiance to the peasants.
In the sixteenth century of Europe, religious reform and changes led people away from the Catholic Church. From Martin Luther’s exposition of the church’s corruption to King Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy, these two religious figures broke away from the Catholic Church in favor of alternative religions. Their lives were heavily involved in their personal and political motives to change the church’s religious practices and beliefs. In the German states, Martin Luther realized that the priests were often unqualified, immoral, and corrupted.
In German nobleman Christoffel von Lichtenstein’s legal plea for leniency to Count Wilhelm von Henneberg on August 24, 1525, German peasants’ cruelty and estranged behavior is apparent. From Lichtenstein’s perspective and being a nobleman most anything the peasants did came out as evil and rebellious. He goes to say that even though he had grown up with peasants’ parents, and was a very old age, this held nothing with the peasants and that they went on to force him into signing an allegiance to them. In the last year that would experience the terrible rebellions committed by the peasants, most of them in southern Germany, Emperor Charles V and the formal assembly of imperial councilors and officials advising Emperor Charles V came to the
“This rebellion has been undertaken to repress the princes and the nobility and has its ultimate source in Lutheran teaching, for the peasants relate the majority of their demands to the Word of God, the Gospel, and brotherly love.” (Doc. 1) This article sourced from the Chancellor of Bavaria shows how the peasant's view of lutheranism has sparked the revolt. Even in document 3 the Peasant Parliament of Swabia says that christ is the emperor, meaning that he controls everything and the actions they are committing is in is name again reveals a source for their outrage against the wealthy. “It is clear that the assertions they made in their Twelve Articles were nothing but lies presented under the name of the Gospel.”
Furthermore, being a peasant was not a choice for peasants. Articles of the Peasants of Memmingen refers to Christ sacrificing blood for both the peasants and the emperor (Document 5). His say is that if God discriminated peasants like people do then he wouldn’t have offered them the same thing as he offered the
When the men decided to tell their sons not to revolt, they were choosing to stay quiet. If they would have tried to do something from the beginning things may have turned out a lot differently, and the oppressors wouldn't be favored, by being able to get away with this happening. Because of
The Council of Trent was the turning point for the Catholic Church. The Church was able to change because when the church changed the Catholic people were more expanding towards other countries in overseas . However, there wasn’t too much of a change because all the people who belonged to the Catholic Church did not change the point of view of how they look upon God. Examples such as how the Bread and Wine will mean that God will stay with you and be with you on your side. Martin Luther was and is still an important person for the people in Italy and Germany.
During the years before the Revolutionary War, the issue of justified rebellion was widely debated, with good men on both sides of the issue. Not surprisingly, most English preachers, urged restraint and submission on the part of the colonists; while most Colonial
The demands, limitations, and repercussions for broken rules put on servants were too severe. The liberty the servants received after being freed from their contracts was inadequate. In 1676, war broke out as tensions amongst settlers bubbled over. The ire the commoners had for the elite combined with the hatred and fear of the Indians set the stage for Bacon’s rebellion. “… there was an obvious lesson in the rebellion.
The rebellions happened because there were people that did not like Henry and believed that someone else or maybe themselves could do a better job running the country. The rebellions were started by his opposition, who were members of the Yorkist family or who were Yorkist supporters. As he was the only Lancaster left, he could have been usurped very easily by the Yorkists, which implies that he had not suitably dealt with his opponents. At 1487, Henry VII would not have known what we do now, he would have not known for sure that there would not be another rebellion, which also furthers the idea that he had not dealt with his opponents to a suitable
However, Count Wilhelm reveals that the nobility were pleased with the revolts against the clergy and that they, in turn, supported the reformation. Since the peasants had revolted under the name of the Reformation, the revolts were
We will be obedient to all authority appointed by God” (Doc 3) This again attributes the reasons, and ideas, of the peasants to take action in the war, was that of God, though for the reason of him being the only authority they would accept. Since this document was written by peasants it is reasonable for the Peasant Parliament to take the perspective to submit only to God. Leonhard van Eck also echoed the reasoning behind the rebellion in a report to Duke Ludwig of Bavaria “the peasants relate the majority of their demands to the Word of God, the Gospel, and brotherly love” (Doc 1) This helped accentuate the reasoning behind the rebellion, and that the peasants felt justified in their
The Reformation caused many who were born into lower classes to question the social caste system as Luther had questioned the church, which eventually lead to the Peasant Revolt of 1524. This Revolt spawned The Twelve Articles of the Swabian Peasants, which stated, “It has been customary for men to hold us as their property [as serfs]. But since Christ redeemed us all, it accords with Scripture that we should be set free.” This shows the peasants were slaves of that time as they were “held as property” by the people in power, however, even with the peasants best efforts they were “shut down” swiftly by the lords and princes. At the beginning of the Revolution, Martin Luther gave his sympathies to the peasants, but once the peasants began to pillage, burn, and kill he decided to side with the princes and lords.
The French Revolution is often described as the Revolution of France and developed over several decades in the mid to late 1700?s. The leadership of mid 18th century France has been described as a Monarchal King reigning by the grace God with absolute power over the people, economy, and politics of the Empire.[footnoteRef:1] The decades following the Seven Years War and King Louis? XVI quest to restore the glory of the French Empire through wars ultimately devastated the French economy. Many historians state the attempts of the King to further tax the people and subjugate the church were significant influences in the Revolution of the French. Thomas Carlyle believed that revolution and anarchy are the products of the Social Contract.[footnoteRef:2]
Luther did not believe in this deadly revolt, he saw the freedom of the Christian in spiritual ways instead of a deadly battle that took the lives of almost 100,000. Lastly, In the Decree of the Imperial Diet of Speyer, the effects are clearly stated, this document shows some of the actions that the government takes in order to suppress and the actions it takes, punishments such as stripping of their lands were put in place ,after the revolts to prevent
Although the truth reality here is the roots of the rebellion of the 13 colonies start from the beginning of the establishment of colonies. According to the lecture 10, “in 1660 through the first series of Navigation Acts, the English parliament sets the rules for how the people in the 13 colonies would live their lives”. This was one of the reasons of the rebellion of the 13 colonies, because the colonies they want to have they own rules and live their lives according to the rules that favoring each colony no only England. The acts that created the parliament was only to benefit England, because specify how the colonies behave between them and the mother land. The colonies beginning to get tired of the England rules and they want a change.