Annotated Bibliography

Higher education infrastructure and policies of a country represents a vital parameter to measure growth rate and capabilities to face challenges. Now market for higher education is global and universities and higher learning institutions are operating cross countries.. Standards and outputs are measure at international level based on various parameters. The outputs in terms of theses and dissertation are considered as an success indicator for academic/ research community of the country. Large number of institutions have system to keep ETDs on their websites and institutional repositories. There are arrangements for collaborative repositories to the extent to the national and international level.

Various studies have been undertaken

These countries comprise large part of the student population. According to British Council report, represented at Global Conference in Miami (2014), “ Nine countries around the world covers 2/3rd global student population. These countries are Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, U.K and USA.

The term tertiary education refers to all post-secondary education, including but not limited to universities. It can be a catalyst for stronger society and solution for critical problems. According to World Bank Open Data (http://data.worldbank.org) and British Council report 2015- Managing large systems, A Comparative analysis : Challenges and opportunities for large higher education systems, the governments of four countries China, USA, UK and India are leading to allocate and spending on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP shows by chart:1.

It can be clearly shown in table:1 that China, USA, UK and India are four leading countries being government spending as percentage of the GDP, resulting in larger in numbers of graduates from tertiary education, both

Under national administrative centre, Ministry of Education of china in 1996. The synthesis of CALIS has been done to build a strong academic library system in china. CALIS head quarter of National Administrative Centre has been situated in peeking university. This project has been implemented in various phases. National effort for Cooperative ETD named as CALIS-ETD has been launched in 1999. It has been completed three phases and forth phase is running. CALIS Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Digital Library ( CALIS-ETD-DL) is a distributed digital library system. CALIS-ETD project has more than 100 member libraries. Around 1.72 million Chinese ETD are recorded. It has been launched for the ETD resource sharing among universities in china. CALIS-ETD-DL project has been planned to cater ETD resources sharing among 1000 or more chines universities. CALIS-ETD platform is an integrated system of available sources for Thesis and Dissertation in china. Electronic Thesis and Dissertations from member libraries, NDLTD, PQDT have been pooled under one