Considered one of the best authors and playwrights of the twentieth century, Arthur Miller is best known for works such as All My Sons, A View from the Bridge, The Crucible and the Pulitzer Prize-winning Death of a Salesman. Millar was born on October 17, 1915 in Harlem, New York (Arthur Miller Biography, 2015). His parents, father Isidore and mother Agusta, were immigrants of Polish and Jewish descent. His father owned a successful coat business while his mother was a teacher (Biography.com Editors). Once finished with High School, Miller worked to save money to attend the University of Michigan (Arthur Miller Biography, 2015). While he was there, he received the Avery Hopwood Award for his play, No Villain. (Biography.com Editors). He took …show more content…
Colonists from these and other areas brought their traditions with them to America. In addition, Native Americans and African slaves transported to the New World had their own traditions that dabbled in the occult and dark arts (The Salem Witch Hysteria and “Witchcraft” in 17th-Century New England). Belief in the supernatural–and specifically in the devil’s practice of giving certain humans (witches) the power to harm others in return for their loyalty-was widespread in colonial New England. Thus, colonial New England was rife with superstition, fear and mistrust. More mythical than real, witchcraft played to the psyche of the intensely superstitious and God-fearing Puritan population. Puritans sought to “purify” Christianity, Catholic and Protestant alike. They believed that humanity existed for the grander glory of God, and their life mission lay with doing God’s work for the reward of eternal happiness and peace in Heaven (The Salem Witch Hysteria and “Witchcraft” in 17th-Century New England). In Massachusetts during the seventeenth century, people often feared that the Devil was constantly trying to find ways to infiltrate and destroy Christians and their communities. As a devout and strongly religious community living in near isolation in the mysterious New World, the community of Salem had a heightened sense of fear of the Devil (The Salem Witch Hysteria and “Witchcraft” in 17th-Century New England). A few characteristics the colonists looked out for to determine a witch ranged from if the person talks or mutters to themself, which was seen as the person trying to cast a spell to if a women has pets or is well associated with the animal, she is probably using it for witchcraft (Characteristics of Witches). Once found guilty of
Finally, a strong belief in the occult could have also been another cause for the Salem Witch Trials. The New Englanders believed in the devil and omens. They thought the devil wanted to take over their world, but all attempts had failed. They believed the accused were possessed by the
Puritans are known for being extremely religious they practice strictness, simplicity and severity in how they live and conduct themselves; they are strong supporters of modesty, propriety, and decorum but strongly oppose any forms of pleasure (6). The community of Salem considered anyone who practiced witchcraft a felon, it was a crime in the 17th century and they saw it as going against the government (1). Puritans believed the devil could provide you with supernatural powers to harm others in return for loyalty (4). After several incidents that occurred in the town people believed that the devil was roaming the streets of Salem, numerous outbreaks of small pox and fights with the Native Americans led the townspeople to believe so (9). Witches
Puritans believed that they were doing God's work and that those who disobeyed or strayed from Puritan teachings were sinners”. This states that while not attending seems quite childish to say that one is a witch, it was more of what the public would suspect as church and public appearances were mandatory to show how faithful and abiding one
The 1600s were a very religious and superstitious time. People’s faith in God was strong, however it also brought them great fear of devil. It was easy to accuse anyone who did not follow social standards of conspiring with the devil and practicing witchcraft. Once somebody had been accused of being a witch mass hysteria and panic ensued.
In Salem, Massachusetts, Puritans were strong believers in the Bible. The Bible states, “Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.” The Puritans beliefs led to them accusing 20 innocent people of being a witch, this resulted in their deaths in 1692. Even though the Puritans couldn’t see it at the time, their accusations were really based off jealousy, lies, and Salem being divided into two parts. One cause of the Salem witch trial hysteria was jealousy.
During times of mass hysteria, people will believe what others say no matter the implausibility. In the 1600s, Puritan villages such as the one in Salem, Massachusetts, began to fear the uprising of witchcraft. Puritan beliefs command that one should fear God and fear the unknown, and many things were considered sins. These sins could lead a person to sorcery and the Devil. To save oneself in Salem, one had to lie.
The terror of the infamous 1692 witch hunts in Salem Massachusetts ravenously assaulted the peaceful existence of innocent men and women accused of consorting with the devil. A portion of the mayhem was contributed to fear which readily bred among puritan settlements struggling to survive America’s arduous environment. In a Salem witch trial documentary presented by the History Channel, Thaddeus Russell explains “They were afraid of death by starvation, death by exposure, they were afraid of death by savages” (History Channel, Russell). Additionally, the puritan’s strict religious beliefs added excessive distress among settlers where austere restrictions, mostly shaped by unsound doctrine, maintained the belief that almost every incident was
Curiously, the rhetoric and actions of the Puritan people seems to be parallel with whichever presence they believed to be active in their community. During the creation of the community, the rhetoric of John Wintrhop’s speech practically made the whole being-peaceful a religious act, as long as they were at peace the presence of God was assured (Winthrop, 1630). This is reiterated nearly 27 years later when, Richard Mather, father of Increase Mather, father of Cotton Mather, told his community in 1657, “Husbands and wives must live in peace so that their prayers for their children would not be hindered,” once again reaffirming this peace as an religious requirement for the spiritual standing of their family and community (Hall, 1988, p.22). However, when it came to the Salem Witch Trials, the people of Salem believed that their community was being invaded by Satan and their rhetoric and actions mimicked the cold, tormenting, and cruel characteristics of his presence (Boyer, 1972). Cotton Mather told John Cotton that God has been working miracles by executing five witches, the tone almost turns sadistic and overzealous because he is happy that these people were killed, but it did not at the time due to Puritans belief that the execution of convicted witches was the correct way to purify their community and rid themselves of the afflictions that their community supposedly suffered under
These views, in and of themselves, speak to the level of intolerance permeating America and to the level of fear associated with witchcraft. The Religious intolerance and fear experienced in English North America was not a sole construct of Puritanism in New England. These ideas permeated Southwards throughout the length of the thirteen English colonies. Oftentimes, the fear of witchcraft led to colonial governments establishing capital laws against any person entering into communion with Satan.
With the Puritans having strict religious beliefs about the devil and God, it gave them strong feelings about the ways in which women impacted their community. Along with their religious beliefs, their society had certain beliefs about women and the way they should act which led them to suspect anything out of the “norm” as a sign of the devil. While some of this could be on women and the way we speak, the Puritans already had such strong feelings toward the vulnerable mind of women that it wouldn’t matter. The women were represented by weakness in nearly every aspect a person can be judged on and this thought of them as the weaker vessel is what ultimately led to them being accused and persecuted more than men during the Salem Witch
Arthur Miller is often regarded as one of the greatest playwrights of the 20th century. With great writing skill and intriguing plot, Arthur Miller earned the praise he had been giving. Plays like “ Death of a Salesman” and “ The Crucible” rocketed his career in the right way after a rocky start to his career. Miller was born October 17, 1915 in Harlem, New York. During this time, racial segregation was a very real thing.
The Puritans ran from persecution but then used the witch hunt to persecute innocent people based on the word of the women and men who had ulterior motives. The women used this opportunity to punish people they long had problems or resentment for. These women- Abigail, Tituba, and Mary- were aware of the power they felt when they were being heard by people in their community who were deemed Godly, upstanding citizens. So, they loved the sense of power they felt. Although the townspeople of Salem used religion as the reason for the witch hunt, the witch hunt created chaos because people started using it a revenge mechanism.
Religion was a very strong influence in the lives of Puritans as they followed a very strict moral code and based their entire lives on their faith. Most Puritans were taught from the Bible that "Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live" (Doc. A), which explains why the witch scare was taken so seriously and why the accused were punished so harshly. They believed and feared that "evil spirits were all around" (Doc. C) as noted in Memorable Providences Relating to Witchcraft and Possessions by Cotton Mather, who at that time was a reputable expert in the "invisible world. " It seems strange to 21st-century dwellers that people believed that witches could be identified by marks of the devil, as portrayed in an 1853 painting by T.H. Matteson (Doc. D).
The Salem Witch Trials accusing others of a feared crime showed definite evidence that mass hysteria was to blame. Salem was a religious settlement, following Puritan beliefs (Miller, 6). A large fear for everyone in Salem was the touch of the Devil (Miller, Arthur). According to Puritan beliefs, if a man or woman was touched by the Devil he would convince them to do witchcraft. Once word was mentioned the Devil had possibly touched Salem, the fear spread.
Kane, 3rd Hour Arthur Miller Arthur Miller was an icon in the play industry. His dramatic style and acting skills changed the way play was looked at forever. “The American dream is the largely unacknowledged screen in front of which all American writing plays itself out” - Arthur Miller. Arthur miller has been playing out characters for nearly 6 decades and inspires many people. Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915 in Harlem, New York.