“Aztlan, Cibola and Frontier New Spain” is a chapter in Between the Conquests written by John R. Chavez. In this chapter Chavez states how Chicano and other indigenous American ancestors had migrated and how the migration help form an important part of the Chicanos image of themselves as a natives of the south. “The Racial Politics behind the Settlement of New Mexico” is the second chapter by Martha Menchaca. Menchaca speaks about how unfairly the and about Onate his journey and how his colony was racially mixed. Also how when he passed through villages he greeted the Indian and told them that they have become vassals. She also goes over the colonist’s rebel and the growth of the Spanish colonies. ” Race and Honor in Colonial New Mexico” is …show more content…
Chavez, Chavez speaks about the first migration of Chicano ancestors and the affects the migration had on how Chicanos see themselves. Western Hemisphere is the arrival area for the ancestors of Chicanos and other indigenous Americans. They arrived in the west in small groups they started this journey forty to seventy thousand years ago since human have existed in the old world for millions of year already the discovery of America was actually the finding of the new world. The descendants of the first arrivals spread south from the starting point all the way to South America where they arrived about 11,000 B.C. during this migration countless of groups broke off and went their own way and establish themselves in local area. After taking Mexico City in 1521 the Spanish decided to go north for new lands to conquer and project their own myths onto the unknown region that was to become the southwest. They thought that the north was rich land of warrior women and that in that direction was silver city or something that would lead Europe to wealth. All these myth are what made the general myth of the southwest. The myth of the region as a land of golden promise. This myth was influenced by the Indians both north and in central Mexico. The northern Indians did this so to encourage the Spanish to move onto other area they would agree with the invaders. In central Mexico the Spanish myth of the golden northern land stirred awareness in the legend of Aztlan. According to their own histories the Aztecs had left their homeland in 1168 and journeyed to the lakes where in 1325 where found in Tenochtitlan. By mid-1700’s the Edenic picture of the north had been forgotten in the minds of the authorities in Mexico City. Since most of the settler from the very beginning were Indians and Mestizos and had intermarried with northern natives it wasn’t surprising that eventually saw the border land as their
Seth M. Holmes is the anthropologist behind the work Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies. This book is about an almost hidden world of migrant farm laborers in the USA. This group of hidden people is responsible for providing the United States with fresh fruit and for very little money and poor living conditions. Holmes has written this ethnography to shed light on the downside of agribusiness while showcasing the physical and social problems Mexican workers face in Washington and California while working in the fields providing the United States with fruit. Chapter 1 of Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies details the author’s trip from Oaxaca, Mexico to the border of the United States.
vii, 186. Gerald E. Poyo, the editor of the book Tejano Journey 1770-1850, is currently the Chair of the History Department and teaches courses in Latin American history and immigration at St. Mary University, San Antonio, Texas. Poyo accomplished his Bachelor of Arts at the University of Carolina, and his Masters of Arts in Latin/Latino American history at Texas State University. He furthered his education, completing his Doctorate (Ph.D.) From the University of Florida. Dr. Poyo has experience as a research associate and curator at the University of Texas, Institute of Texan Cultures at San Antonio.
The book ‘Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas 1836-1986’ was written by David Montejano. It is a well-written novel that offers a broad interpretation of racial interactions history in the state of Texas. David claims that a racial situation was created right after the annexation of the United States and Anglo subjugation of Mexicans. This was after Texas gained independence (Montejano, 1987). The origin and development of the racial order sprouts from the growth of classes that came as a result of transforming the economy from ranching to urban-industrialization.
When the Spanish arrived, things changed. The Spanish conquistadors were looking for lands to seize. They were looking for gold, silver, slaves and people to spread the Catholic religion to. While on their search for new land to colonize, Columbus discovered a new continent, America. After Columbus's discovery, Francisco de Cordoba landed on the Mexican peninsula Yucatan, and soon, the Spanish were amazed
Many of them were opposed to the Europeans coming in and claiming their land as theirs, whereas many of them wanted to create trading partners or even went as far as to believe they were gods. When the Spaniards first arrived at what was most likely Tulum on the Yucatan peninsula they were greet by many indigenous people with gifts for them, gifts of gold which made the Spaniards practically jump for joy at the thought of wealth and recognition (Stuart 117). This is how many of the explorers were met when they first arrived in the New World, but after the natives realized their true intentions they would most likely end up going to war. There was an Aztec woman of approximately 17 years of age who served as an interpreter between the Aztecs and the Spaniards, her name was Malinalli/ Doña Marina, but is more commonly known as La Malinche in Mexico, she ended marrying Hernan Cortés and had the first known mestizo, Martín Cortés (Pohl and Robinson 99). This shows that there were many people who wanted to interact more with the Spaniards and it also left a lasting impact because to this day many people view her as a traitor to her own people, but there is still argument that she was the first of many to have a mestizo which most of the Mexican population is nowadays.
The Spaniards are invading Mexico, taking away the Mayan empire and their gold. Although, this wasn’t enough, so they explored north of Mexico until they entered what is now the US territory. Upon entering, not much was different, everything was still a desert, but there was life, the Native Americans. Many of which were either
In Martha Menchaca chapters “Racial Foundations” and “Racial Formation” she delves into these topics to determine from the research she did what can be applied to the Mexican American racial history that was known at that time. In the first chapter, she outlines this history by breaking down different events in their prehistory that point to their racial origins. She states the beginning of Mexican American’s racial history began with the oral text records by working class Mexican American college students. Which their main purpose was to disprove the alleged truth about Mexican American’s were thought as poor because they were culturally inferior.
The Aztec tribe was established during the 14th century in Mesoamerica. They were connected with their use of the Nahuatl language. This tribe eventually grew to become one of the great empires. It became possible with the Aztec Triple Alliance, consisting of the Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan. The Aztec culture was a crucial part of the history of many Native American tribes.
In the 16th Century, Spain became one of the European forces to reckon with. To expand even further globally, Spanish conquistadors were sent abroad to discover lands, riches, and North America and its civilizations. When the Spanish and Native American groups met one another, they judged each other, as they were both unfamiliar with the people that stood before them. The Native American and Spanish views and opinions of one another are more similar than different because when meeting and getting to know each other, neither the Spaniards nor the Native Americans saw the other group of people as human. Both groups of people thought of one another as barbaric monsters and were confused and amazed by each other’s cultures.
When thinking of the Spanish Conquest, two groups often come to mind: the Spaniards and the Native Americans. The roles of each of these groups and their encounters have been so heavily studied that often the role of Africans is undermined. As Matthew Restall states in his article Black Conquistadors, the justifications for African contribution are often “inadequately substantiated if not marginalized [as the] Africans were a ubiquitous and pivotal part of the Spanish conquest campaigns in the Americas […]” (Restall 172). Early on in his article, Restall characterizes three categories of Africans present during the Conquest – mass slaves, unarmed servants of the Spanish, and armed auxillaries (Restall 175).
The Spanish conquest of the Mexica caused changes in both Spanish’s and Mexica’s lifestyles. The Spanish had to change the culture of the conquered Mexica while the Mexica had to try to resist the cultural and political changes of the powerful Spanish. The Codex Boturini visually demonstrates the migration stories of the Mexica people after leaving Azlan to find Tenochtitlan. The Codex Boturini illustrates the several steps and stages the Mexica had to go through to find their dedicated space, the struggles they endured, and the events they celebrated such as fire ceremonies and sacrifices to the gods. On the other hand, the Codex Chimalpahin offers another point of view of the migration story of the Mexica since the author, Chimalpahin, wrote
Annotated Bibliography for The Chicano Movement The Chicano movement helped improve the lives of all Chicano and Mexican generations in the United states in the way of helping end educational discrimination, Better Job pay, and having basic human rights. I hope to show the positive outcomes of the Chicano Movement and how the lives of Mexican-Americans today were changed. Chicano [chi-kah-noh, -kan-oh] (in North America) a person of Mexican origin or descent.
John’s book, like all others, holds various strengths and weaknesses. Largely, St. John’s thesis is supported by offering a varying look at the borderlands throughout multiple decades and discussing the progression of change as it occurred across eras and regions. St. John provides interesting historical details that would otherwise probably not be known to the reader, such as her statement in the Introduction that the desert border running from west of El Paso to the Pacific Ocean did not conform to any previously existing geographic features. This fact, like others provided in “Line in the Sand,” might not seem interesting but indeed is in the sense that it forces the reader to consider it and to contextualize it based on what the reader knows of the border. For example, reading this fact, I was forced to contemplate how the border boundary was formed west of Texas and how the line that is in place to day came to be.
“ In every case or society was organized by and around ceremonial centers modeled on the vision of the structure of the universe ( Carrasco 38). Indigenous Mesoamerican belief that in the places that were chosen to live were divine power of their gods to always do what is right and balance. From all the experience and alliances the Mexican confederation took control. This group was the reflection of all the work acquire from the other groups back in time. The Mexicas has a more advance in agriculture, trade, culture, and engineering.
One of many distinguishing characteristics of Tejano’s lives in Texas was their strong sense of being a part of a community, and having the right to govern themselves. The Tejanos lived in different functioning communities, but all had the same underlying social beliefs. In the mid-1830s the Tejano people are faced with aggressive oppression from Americans. Industrialization, migration, loss of land, and unjustified treatment are all factors that contribute to the instability of the Tejano communities.