The immediate community around people is the important reason that people act in the certain ways. Usually, what people being like at society is not what they are actually being like as themselves. From their immediate communities, people gain the impressions society gives to them. Some people may misunderstand themselves through being at the society; some people may become selfish by seeing other people act selfishly. Overall, people are changing when context is changing. In the essay “The Power of Context” Bernie Goetz and the Rise and Fall of New York City Crime”, Malcolm Gladwell introduces the crime that New York City had during 1980-1990s. In 1980s, the crime rate was really high since a lot of people commit to crime at that time; later
David Feige is no stranger to the system. His book is merely a condensed version of the reality behind both life in the Bronx and life in the criminal justice system. It becomes apparent very early on that one is doomed, even when given a decent judge. Feige basically condemns the system for virtual inability to win.
This article demonstrates how Bill Bratton, as the Commissioner of the New York Police Department (NYPD) from 1994 to 1996, William J. Bratton fought crime throughout the city of Ney York with legendary achievement, leading a national revolution in attitudes toward policing. Bratton adopted a “broken windows”1 community policing strategy of zero tolerance for minor offenses and championed statistical analysis to prevent crimes before they occurred. In the 70s and 80s, as Bratton continued his career in policing, institutional theories seemed dominant. Nixon’s brand of “tough-on-crime” and “law and order” conservatism meant that community relations were largely ignored by police. In 1982, James Wilson sought to re-establish some balance.
Gladwell tells readers “there are endless numbers of books by conservatives talking about crime as a consequence of moral failure” (293) as well as ”liberals made a similar kind of argument” (294) but both arguments are different from the Power of Context Theory. Gladwell likely anticipated that readers would question why The Power of Context is so different from other theories about crime. Nonetheless Gladwell understands that readers would compare The Power of Context to the conservative and liberal views of crime because those are all normal citizens have known and ask “if those strategies about crime never worked, why would this one work?” Having been exposed to black and white views the entirety of their lives, readers would have trouble differentiating an argument that could be compared to a new and vibrant color against black and white; readers would ultimately think that because they cannot point out the difference between liberal views, conservative views and The Power of Context Theory, The Power of Context must be the same as one of the others. To undermine the resistance, Gladwell states both the liberal and conservative views then points out to readers that The Power of Context is not to focus on a large aspects of crime, but the seemingly miniscule aspects.
In Alex Kotlowitz’s book, There Are No Children Here, he explains the challenges and hardships a family faces growing up in the Henry Horner projects through social construct. Throughout the book, the social constructs are based off social class, discrimination, poverty, and social location. Due to where ones family is raised or comes from, their location influences ones decisions, in which may cause them to lead a life of crime. My beliefs, after completing the book, were reaffirmed. Those living in a social class below poverty, have a harder time “making it” then someone who lives on a nicer side of town.
Change. What causes it? People change when they realize who they are and who they want to be. They change because of the people around them, how they react to a situation at hand, and to become who they want to be. People change based on the people around them, they may adapt and become them or they may realize that’s not them and become the opposite.
The modern society allows and encourage people to own their different thinking and ideas and this tendency makes very diverse environment. However, the same characteristics of the environment are still existing and influence people who live in this place in same way. In Malcolm Gladwell’s “The Power of Context: Bernie Goetz and the Ride and Fall of New York City Crime”, discusses about how Bernie Goetz changed his behavior after being assaulted and affected by the situation he lived in while he was robbed, which mainly reflects how environment and dangerous situation changed human beings’ minds and behaviors. The other author Leslie Bell focus on the the different situations for young women and their different reactions in “Sections from Hard
There is the saying the apple does not fall far from the tree; this is proven to be somewhat true. People are constantly changing by what is factoring into their daily life and this includes people. Socialization can have a negative or positive effect just like everything else. Children particularly, grow based on what is going on around them. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a realistic fiction by Mark Twain, Twain demonstrates how factors from family can influence behaviors of a person with Huck Finn.
Contrary to the common belief, crime has been on the decline for the past three decades. Yet, news and media have been covering crime more than ever, resulting in the public belief that crime is at an all time high. The sharp drop in crime since the early 1990s has left experts curious to discover the reasons for the decrease in crime. As I compare the article Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not by Steven D. Levitt and the article Evaluating Contemporary Crime Drop(s) in America, New York City, and Many Other Places by Eric P. Baumer and Kevin T. Wolff, I will briefly describe the articles, compare their agreements and disagreements, as well as discuss my personal preferences.
In the book Inside the Criminal Mind by Stanton Samenow, the idea that criminals commit crimes because of the environment or mental illness is an undying speculation. For instance, in the song “Gee, Officer Krupke” excuses are a thrown out for bad behavior, “delinquents were punks because their dads were drunks. They’re misunderstood rather than no good” (41). The juvenile's behavior is look at as more of a psychological or sociological problem than an actual crime. Adversities in life are unavoidable, these everyday struggles can be looked at as motivation or degradation.
Annotated Bibliography Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York: The New Press. Alexander opens up on the history of the criminal justice system, disciplinary crime policy and race in the U.S. detailing the ways in which crime policy and mass incarceration have worked together to continue the reduction and defeat of black Americans.
Crime is often found in every society. Why? Theorist argues that: crime occurs because members of society find it hard to comply with rules of behavior or they get a self-fulfillment breaking it. Crime/deviance can be an indication that an area needs attention. Also, it can bring about solidarity or togetherness in society.
Although one’s behavior can be the same as others, especially if they are in the same setting, however those who are in two completely different contexts will experience different reactions, just dependent on exactly where they are. Furthermore, this theory demonstrates that once we have been in a specific setting long enough, then that’s when our behaviors will become consistent over time. On the other hand, individuals might experience particular actions because they arrive at a specific setting, with an already preconceived idea of what to expect causing them to alter their behaviors based on their thoughts about the background. Another reason might be that we adjust our responses because we are unsure of how others might view or accept us being in their environments. Either way, individuals might not be aware of it, but once our surroundings change, then our behaviors is changed as
Article Summary and Response Name Institution Date In the article “Black men in Public Space,” the author Brent Staples narrates how he has been mistaken for a criminal several times bruise he was African American. In this story, he recalls his first victim a young white-woman he scare on a deserted street in Hyde Park. The author argues that in other occasion he would see people black, white, female, or even male hammering down the doors of their cars since they thought he was a mugger.
The conflict theorist proposed that the rich and powerful create regulations and law enforcements carry out these laws. The concept of the ‘stop snitching’ in our society denote the rich and the powerful. For instance, powerful criminals in some of these communities get away with crimes because they know how to cover their tracks by silencing others by giving them financial assistance. The powerful and visible criminals reward those who keep silent by providing financial assistance to them and promising to protect them in the mere future (Venkatesh, 2000; Wilkinson,
Behavior cannot be defined as permanent. It keeps changing overtime with regards to one’s social experiences and how they have developed as a person from birth through adulthood, although their personality and temperament may be more consistent as those are fairly hard to completely change and refine no matter how much a person wants to or a person should. Those can only be slightly altered so those aspects of their behavior can be found to be more consistent (Brief, 2015). So basically to sum it up, human behavior is the manner in which one conducts themselves which allows others to have an insight into the person’s mind, as to what the person’s attitudes, values, culture and beliefs are as these factors influence the way in which an individual behaves.