Blow Out Trauma Essay

Trauma to the face caused by assault or impact from solid objects, often causes internal orbita fractures. In 1957, Smith and Regan described the term “orbital blow-out fracture” from their observation that blunt eyeball trauma due to a tennis ball or a fist increased intraorbital pressure without disruption of soft tissue integrity or causing a fracture line in orbital rims but could cause orbital floor fractures (1). Such fractures have been categorized as “pure blow-out fractures” in which only the orbita floor is affected, and “impure blow-out fractures” in which fractures of other maxillofacial bones such as zygomatic, maxillary, and nasoethmoid are also affected.
The prevalence of pure blow-out fractures is 2.8% to 21.4% in such injuries (2,3). Physical examination reveals periorbital edema and ecchymosis, subconjunctival

Although many surgical approaches have been defined in the literature regarding the mode and timing of treatment, no consensus exists. Many autogenous and alloplastic biomaterials have been recommended for use to correct orbital bone defects. The autogenous biomaterials used for orbital floor reconstruction include bone, cartilage, and fascia grafts. Resorption of the graft, a long operation time, and donor area morbidity are among factors limiting use of autogenous grafts (12,13). These drawbacks are especially prominent in bone grafts.
The repair process begins with resorption in the cortical bone graft where it is incorporated to permanent bone with a “creeping substitution” process. It is not possible to estimate the amount of resorption (14-17). Cortical bone grafts lose 60% of their durability within the first 6 weeks to 6 months of grafting. Cartilage grafts are more easily obtained than bone grafts and are more malleable while exhibiting minimal resorption after