Bodenheimer and Grumbach (2009) express that all healthcare systems strive to ensure patients receive the health care they require in a suitable place and time. However, they may all accomplish this through different methods to one another.
Two distinct formats a country may operate under is the Regionalized Model and the Dispersed Model (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2009). The Regionalized Model is a structured system where the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care are discrete, and primary care is the foundation (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2009). An example of a country following this is New Zealand (Mossialos, Wenzl, Osborn, & Sarnak, 2016). In contrast, the Dispersed Model does not have a clear structure like the Regionalized Model, and the secondary and tertiary aspect of care is of more importance than primary care. Due to the focus on the higher levels of care, the amount of primary care available is reduced, so secondary and tertiary care practitioners may take on a role normally carried out by a primary care practitioner (PCP) in order to bring a balance (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2009). The United States of America is a country utilizing this format (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2009). Patients have the ability to transition between the healthcare levels when they require more specialized care (as cited in (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2009), and whether they are able to with restrictions or not are determined by the term, gatekeeping. This is the distinguishing factor
The interaction with the healthcare system
Canada’s period of rapidly increasing cost ended with Medicare, whereas costs are not being controlled in managed care. Per capita spending has gone down in Canada, and in the United states has increased rapidly. The strategy of lowering costs in Canada is a fixed payment to the provider, no matter how many services are supplied. This strategy is called capitation or rostering. On the other hand,
The cost of health insurance, healthcare policies, and the quality of healthcare in these countries present many similarities and differences.
Today's health care system is difficult to understand. It has undergone dramatic changes over the years. There are many changes that shift the movement from "an indemnity plan to a managed care system. " Not only has the U.S. health care system undergone dramatic changes, but as well continues to evolve to a rapid pace (Conklin, 2002).
According to Garment (2013), “The American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) estimates that the U.S. will face a physician shortage of over 90,000 physicians by 2020; a figure that’s expected to reach over 130,000 by 2025” (p.4). The increasing amount of money required for health care services from a physician is a driving force to pursue alternative ways of receiving primary care. According to The American Association of Nurse Practitioners (2013), “NPs in a physician practice potentially decreased the cost of patient visits by as much as one third, particularly when seeing patients in an independent, rather than complementary, manner” (p. 2). NPs are maintaining the standard of care and for a lesser amount for patients to pay. Mid-level practitioners are completing the same amount of work and improving the quality of care.
This will help reduce the waiting time, and improve the quality of the hospital’s service. In 2008, Euro Health Consumer Index (EHCI), Switzerland scored 187 points out of 200 in hospital waiting time. This score tied with Albania, Belgium and
Furthermore, with the indication of health coverage, necessary care and improved population health
" Government management could result in patients having fewer choices about what doctors they can see. It would also mean that patients would receive worse care or have to wait longer to receive care. " This evidence provided is found through observation and reasoning by the author.
These PAs serve as self-governing clinicians directly under a doctor, and the roles they play often complement those of the doctor. It is amazing that other countries are able to take what the US had and change it to benefit their own country. Meanwhile in the US, PAs are currently employed by more than 20 hospital Trusts and in primary care. The consistency of PAs in the workforce will be an additional resource for junior doctors who are on brief rotations. Clinicians can be used as needed in a variety of therapeutic settings since PAs maintain general competency.
Healthcare systems provide their citizens the best healthcare money can cover. Countries use different styles to provide their citizens healthcare treatment. These styles vary by government run systems to private insurance coverage systems. The only part that is similar in both styles are the citizens of each county are provided healthcare. The largest difference is how the healthcare system are funded.
Healthcare ethics involves making well researched and considerate decisions about medical treatments, while taking into consideration a patient's beliefs and wishes regarding all aspects of their health. The healthcare industry has regard for the issues surrounding the welfare of their patients. Doctors, nurses, and other professionals who have the ability to affect a patient's health are all forced to make ethical decisions on a daily basis. I believe the result of ability to pay versus quality of care comes into ethical question in today’s society.
Some of the differences between Italy and America’s healthcare systems includes the cost, the quality of care given, and the problems each system faces. Due to the fact that Italy is the six largest country
A patient is going to have a different idea of how a health care should be managed. This in contrast to the way a physician may think the administration should be managed. Furthermore, each different stakeholder involved would have their own ideal reasons to why the health care administration
Julian is able to recognize which patients, and which of the three divisions: gastroenterology, cardiology, and oncology is using more of a variety of resources, since some patients do require more medication, lab work, and therapeutic treatment, based on the patient’s diagnoses. The information from the third system will provide Dr. Julian the ability to recognize and distinguish that not all patients require the same amount of care, some patients due to their diagnosis require different level of nursing care, some more than others. With this third approach Dr. Julian will be able to have a more precise cost of care service given to the different patients based on their necessities. The information provided by both second and third system will provide Dr. Julian with a more efficient way to control costs. She will now able to see the differences in costs among the divisions using the second and third approach.
The health seeking behaviour of a community determines how health services are used and in turn the health outcomes of populations .Factors that determine health behaviour may be physical, socio-economic, cultural or political .Indeed, the utilization of a health care system may depend on educational levels, economic factors, cultural beliefs and practices. Other factors include environmental conditions, socio-demographic factors, knowledge about the facilities, gender issues, political environment, and the health care system itself .Several factors can determine the choice of health care providers that patients use. These include factors associated with the potential providers (such as quality of service and area of expertise) and those that relate to the patients themselves (such as age, education levels, gender, and economic status) .