Carl G. Jung first introduced the "Psychological type" theory in the 1920. His theory was that random behavior or behavioral patterns is the outcome of contrasting mannerisms that people exhibit. He theorized that people tend to choose between two mental functions, "Perceiving" (absorbing information) and "Judging" (gathering information and coming to a conclusion). He then gave this the name "Preferences". While studying, he noted that in spite of everyone having the ability to absorb information and carry out decisions, a number of people favor perceiving information, while others favor judging information. Conclusively, he noted that some would be excited by the outer world ("Extraversion"), while some would be excited by the inner world ("Introversion"). In 1921, he would publish his theories in Psychological Types. …show more content…
She, along with her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs, would go on to develop the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator instrument in 1962. With the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, they were aiming for the ability to make Jung's theory accessible to individuals and groups by generalizing the information from his original work. They tested their concepts by creating a questionnaire and then began collecting data to determine whether certain preferences accurately measured what was intended. During the original phase of development, they took 20 people that they had relationships with and whose type they felt they knew from observation over many years. If a certain answer appeared multiple times it seemed to indicate a preference. After further testing, they were able to add several preferences to the Myers-Briggs Type
One individual in particular, Carl Jung, created the concept of analytic psychology (Engler, 2014). Analytic psychology focuses on the importance of psychological thought processes such as thoughts, feelings, sensations, and wishes, as well as a person’s determination to find themselves. Jung was able to describe a person’s psychological type by emphasizing his focus on how a person views the world and how they react in different situations. Jung categorizes these perceptions and actions by attitudes and functions. The two basic attitudes were extraversion and introversion, and the four functions were sensation, intuition, thinking, and feeling.
Sigmund Freud is the first person to use psychology. He used this to make a Structure of Personality. He used 3 ideas to make the structure Id, Ego, and Superego. In Lord of the Flies, the author uses this structure of personality. In the book Lord of the Flies written by William Golding, he shows the structure of personality with Jack the Id, Ralph the Ego, and Piggy the Superego.
I completed the Briggs Meyers personality Type Indicator test last year while
I performed the assessment on January 26th at 9pm, and the assessment is an abbreviation for "Myers–Briggs Type Indicator.” It describes people by dividing several categories such as “Extraversion or Introversion”, “Sensing or Intuition”, “Thinking or Feeling”, and “Judging or Perceiving.” As for me, the result is “ISTJ” which are introversion, sensing, thinking, and judging. The purposes of this assessment are to understand about myself, to build future plans for finding a job, and to improve my relationship with other people.
The concepts around this school of psychology were focused on the unconscious mind, the repression of emotions etc. Many psychologist spoke to people to discover what was going on in their minds. Then they would use this information to help shape their theories. Then John Watson gave his speech at Columbian University in 1913 titled, “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It”. In this speech Dr. Watson laid the basis for behaviorism.
The concept of personality has fascinated psychologists for years. Allport proposed the hierarchy of traits – cardinal, central, and secondary traits (Allport, 1945). Cattell also proposed his theory, the sixteen dimensions of human personality (Cattell, 1944). Jung developed a type-based theory of personality, with different dichotomous personality categories, which was further developed by Myers and Briggs in 1962 to produce the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Ford, 2013). Some psychologists have even argued that personality does not exist; that people change behaviour over time and across various situations.
With the help of free association technique, he discovered why people behave like they
If you haven’t heard of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), you are probably confused as to what the above paragraph is referring to. To sum it up, Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, proposed that we humans experience the world through four major psychological functions: sensation, intuition, feeling, and thinking. Each person is believed to have a dominant function out of the four, which is actually the start to the natural differences we see in society. Of course, there are several other factors that contribute to the 16 different “brain-types” of the
Evidenced by numerous number of researches that include Extraversion and introversion are biologically determined by the levels of cortical arousal found in the ARAS part of the brain. Extraversion and Introversion: A Biological Understanding Extraversion and introversion depend on the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)1 part of the brain. Oxford Dictionary defines an introvert as “a person predominantly concerned with their own thoughts and feelings rather than with external things” whereas an extravert is “a person predominantly concerned with external things or objective considerations.” The terms introversion and extraversion were first introduced and popularized by Carl Jung (1921) in his book Psychological Types. In Jung’s book, he explained that introversion and extraversion can be further
Thus, it is possible to anticipate an individual’s behavior in a given situation by knowledge of his/her personality. However, some psychologists like Mischel (1969) questioned the consistency of personality traits. He claimed that personality traits are not sufficient predictors of behavior in different situations. In spite of some disagreements on the consistency of behaviors and the capability of personality traits to determine them, it is generally accepted that traits are indicators of behavior. Farahani (1998) believes that four principles make up the cornerstones of trait theory of personality: 1) certain definite attributes or traits make up personality.
He brought rationalism back into the mix with his complex analyses of thought processes. His idea was that nothing could be known for a fact because everything is measured and analyzed using our subjective experience. He acknowledged the necessity of utilizing the senses, but believed in “a priori”, or innate, thought categories through which we are able to build a foundation. The interaction of these innate concepts with our senses is what defines our subjective reality. Modern psychologists acknowledge the idea of subjectivity, and likewise all other scientific fields must acknowledge it as
Having taken the Jung Typology Test, my MBTI results have changed as follows:- From: ESTP E for Extroversion, S for Sensing, T for Thinking and P for Perceiving To: INTP Introvert (9%), iNtuitive (22%), Thinking (9%), and Perceiving (16%) While there is a match with TP preferences, there is a strong deviation in my selection as it applies to the Sensing and iNtuitive preferences. I am not too worried about the change from Extroversion to Introversion as the variation of 9% is not too high. It must be pointed out that the initial selection of the ESTP was not based on a similar scientific Jung Test.
Freud is one of the most known figures in the history of psychology and many concepts such as ego and unconscious to name a few have become common household words (-- removed HTML --) He developed an integrated and a rational system for understanding the human mind and the treatment of neurosis, although his work was influenced by many other scientist and philosophers (-- removed HTML --) . From Freud’s work many other individuals began to create new and expand on his original theories and ideas. A known figure in the history of psychology, Carl Jung, used some concepts and ideas proposed by Freud, although his approach differed from Freud’s with regards to the structure of personality, especially the unconscious, and the human development
TOPIC: Acquired Leadership Tools The four assessments were based on a four-letter profile that fits my personal preferences. The four preferences in the right that represented me were: · Introversion · Intuition · Feeling · Perception After taking the Jungian test, my confirmed preferences are: · Introvert · Intuitive · Feeling · Judging I’m a leader with the moderate preference of judging over perceiving.
Sigmund Freud. He introduced the psychodynamic theory. It stated that human behavior is motivated by one’s aggressive and sexual drives and that childhood experiences form our personality. The clear weakness in this theory, however, is the fact that it lacks any scientific credibility. You cannot test one’s mind processes with the scientific method.