The predisposed notions that surrounded Native Americans were very much entrenched in to the American consciousness, but these writers present both an argument and an alternate perspective to these already established opinions; using their narratives to create a Native voice and identity. The interaction between both the White and Native characters in both novels illustrate these two radically differing ways of life and the reaction they have to each other. But the outcome of each novel leaves the reader questioning these accepted discourses, and not only the ones that surround the Native people but also the White settlers; fully disrupting and complicating the predominant Puritan ideology that existed at that time.
James Fenimore Cooper’s
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But the use of creating a revised history in turn engenders an emotional response; giving not only a protagonist role and voice to a Native, but to a female Native in the character of Magawisca, and in doing this Sedgwick offers a ‘different perspective on the “Indian …show more content…
As a character Digby is often derisive and mocking of the Natives, which is especially seen in his commentary on Magawisca and her ‘treacherous race’. He speaks exclusively of tactics and ‘their crafty way of listening’, embodying the dominant Puritan ideology, and the popular discourse regarding the treatment of the Natives, coinciding with official historical events. He regards the ‘race’ as ‘a kind of beast we don’t comprehend – out of the range of God’s creatures – neither angel, man, nor yet quite devil.’ The use of the collective pronoun ‘we’ shows an evident divide between the Native and White man, and in Digby’s eyes the need for one, in their unholy nature, being not only ‘out of the range of God’s creatures’ but also more animalistic in their ‘beast’ like nature. However, despite Sedgwick’s initial depiction of the Natives from the White point of view, the differences in opinion between Digby’s character and Everell’s shows a generational contrast, Everell describing how Digby has ‘caught the fear without taking its counsel’ which ‘does little credit’ to his ‘wisdom’, Sedgwick uses this effigy to undermine the accepted Puritan dialogue, and does so even more in Magawisca’s own reaction to the character of Digby. She is accepting of Digby’s contemptuous and insolent manner, and
Adrian C. Louis’ novel, Skins, is a caricature of Native American Reservation life. In broad sweeping strokes, Louis paints a picture of impoverished, overweight, drunk Indians. His protagonist, Lt. Rudy Yellow Shirt, serves as a ‘could-be’ hero who falls into an increasingly criminal lifestyle as he tries to avenge his people. Through the life of Rudy, the plights of Native American people are detailed over and over again. Louis embraces stereotypes in his characterizations of both Native Americans and whites.
The novel “Tracks” written by Louise Erdrige is a very engaging, spiritual and powerful story, as it pictures native American culture and their life on reservations at the turn of the 20th century. “Tracks” focuses on a story about a group of Indians living on a reservation in North Dakota in the early 1900s. This group of Indians is four Anishinaabe families who live close to the fictional city of Argus. “Tracks” rotates between two narrators, Nanapush and Pauline; Nanapush is a tribal elder and Pauline is a young girl who is of mixed heritage and also very jealous of Fleur, which leads to her not always being fully accepted in the group. Through this narrative, Erdrige creates a world where these four families are very closely connected and
Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma written by Camilla Townsend introduces the historical period of seventeenth century Native Americans and the journey of their survival. Townsend is known for her multiple books mostly focusing on the lives of indigenous people and their stories. This book, however, goes through the specific life of Pocahontas herself. The author uses not only tragedy but also romance when recapping Pocahontas’ life throughout the years. The book successfully teaches and emphasizes the struggles Pocahontas and her people went through and educates the audience of the real history behind this time period.
The narrative offers an account which can be used to describe the particularly puritan society based on the ideals of Christianity and the European culture. It offers a female perspective of the Native Americans who showed no respect to the other religious groups. The narrator makes serious observation about her captors noting the cultural differences as well as expectations from one another in the society. However, prejudice is evident throughout the text which makes the narratives unreliable in their details besides being written after the event had already happened which means that the narrator had was free to alter the events to create an account that favored her. Nonetheless, the narrative remains factually and historically useful in providing the insights into the tactics used by the Native Americans
The “Preface to the Reader,” the author characterizes the Indians as “Barbarians” and “Heathens” based on “causless enmity.” On the other hand, the author characterizes Mrs. Rowlandson as “worthy and precious gentlewoman” and the narrative was aimed at “benefit of the afflicted.” This essay is written to discuss Mary Rowlandson’s description of the natives change throughout her narrative. In both communities, political leadership was important.
The misrepresentation of Native Americans in The Professor’s House is a prime example of how early American literature chooses to romanticize the southwest. Willa Cather chooses to do so through the characters Father Duchene, Tom Outland, and Godfrey St. Peters. These characters together create a false narrative of Natives that exists outside of the novel. The problematic characterization of Natives starts with Duchene, is lived by Outland, and is preserved by St. Peters. Although the novel pays little attention to Natives in the novel, the little it does share is enough to understand Cather’s intention.
In Sherman Alexie’s, “The Absolutely Diary of a Part-Time Indian”, Alexie shares the story of a teenage Native American boy named Junior who lives on the rez and desires to have a better education. But for this, he must attend a white school 22 miles from the rez. Despite having various forms of oppression both living on the rez and going to Reardan High School, Alexie shows Junior’s budding future through the use of literary devices and Junior’s
Not many readers would be able to pick up on the faulty likeness of Native Americans because Cooper makes up for it with his unyieldingly violent action scenes. Levernier also concurs that, “the brutality of the Indians undercuts the romantic myth that [lies] in the wilderness of the New World” (Levernier). Unfortunately for Cooper, it takes a lot more than a few brief battle sequences to make up for clichéd personas of a rich
Native American Civil Rights Since the Age of Discovery, the United States of America has failed to make great strides in civil rights concerning Native Americans. Since the Europeans first landed in the Americas, there has been racial, ethnic, and religious tension with the native people. The tensions and the issues that arose from them are still a major issue in present times. Examples of these racial tensions can be seen in literary works throughout United States history. It will be interesting to see what the far future holds, as well as the near future.
During Cooper’s boyhood there were few settlers and fewer Indians. “His early experiences in Central New York gave him background for his frontier works.” His writing style continued to evolve over the years.
In the Native American culture, oral tradition has proven to be an imperative aspect that contributes to the continuation and spread of their beliefs among future generations. In both Tracks by Louise Erdrich and The Way to Rainy Mountain by N. Scott Momaday, there is a representation of how oral tradition contributes to being Native American. Each novel has its own unique portrayal of this; however, both novels are illustrations of the different ways that oral tradition strengthens one’s feeling of belonging to the Native American culture. In the essay, “The Man made of Words” by N. Scott Momaday, he says that “there is no way in which we can exist apart from the morality of a verbal dimension”. Essentially, he says that a story’s, tradition’s, and culture’s existence is dependent on the verbal telling of it and this is prevalent in the two novels being discussed.
It took just forty five days for United States citizens to acquiesce their rights to freedom and privacy for the sake of safety following the events of September 11, 2001. Forty five days is how long it took the United States Congress to pass a law that gave up the very concept of liberty upon which this country is founded. The morning sky was a brilliant shade of blue with not a cloud in sight in New York on that fateful day of September. That all changed at 8:45 AM when a Boeing 767 jet plane tore into the north tower of the World Trade Center. Eighteen minutes later, a second Boeing 767 bit into the sixtieth floor of the south tower.
Throughout history, there have been many literary studies that focused on the culture and traditions of Native Americans. Native writers have worked painstakingly on tribal histories, and their works have made us realize that we have not learned the full story of the Native American tribes. Deborah Miranda has written a collective tribal memoir, “Bad Indians”, drawing on ancestral memory that revealed aspects of an indigenous worldview and contributed to update our understanding of the mission system, settler colonialism and histories of American Indians about how they underwent cruel violence and exploitation. Her memoir successfully addressed past grievances of colonialism and also recognized and honored indigenous knowledge and identity.
Science journalist, Charles C. Mann, had successfully achieved his argumentative purpose about the “Coming of Age in the Dawnland.” Mann’s overall purpose of writing this argumentative was to show readers that there’s more to than just being called or being stereotyped as a savage- a cynical being. These beings are stereotyped into being called Indians, or Native Americans (as they are shorthand names), but they would rather be identified by their own tribe name. Charles Mann had talked about only one person in general but others as well without naming them. Mann had talked about an Indian named Tisquantum, but he, himself, does not want to be recognized as one; to be more recognized as the “first and foremost as a citizen of Patuxet,”(Mann 24).
By specifying that Cooper constructs his own type of Indian, Twain insinuates his personally created characteristics of writing. Twain signifies attention to his questions and remarks Cooper’s writing in a condescending