In 1845, a magazine editor named John O’Sullivan first used the phrase Manifest Destiny to describe the belief that the United States was going to control and settle land across the continent, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. The word manifest means "obvious." The word destiny means "fate, future, or conclusion."
O’Sullivan’s phrase captured the views of many Americans, including James K. Polk, who was elected President in 1844. This view was later expressed by artist John Gast in his 1872 painting American Progress.
In addition, some settlers had religious motivations for moving West. For example, Mormons who moved to Utah hoped to establish a new society for their believers, away from persecution in the cities where they had once settled.
Polk’s belief in Manifest Destiny contributed to actions he took as president that resulted in the United States gaining territory in the West. These actions included annexing territory, fighting a war, and signing treaties.
In 1818, the United States and Great Britain signed a treaty. This treaty said that both nations would share the Oregon Country.
The missionaries sent back glowing reports about Oregon’s Willamette Valley. This made others want to move to the region. In the 1840s, thousands of settlers came from the East. They were looking for land. They followed the Oregon Trail to the region.
The treaty gave Britain the part of land north of the 49th parallel, and the United States got the part south of
The Ojibwe people had been using the land at present day Michigan, but the United States wanted to settle in that land and a war broke out called the war of 1812. The war of 1812 was between the US government and the British rule who had current control of that land. They were fighting for control of the land, the indigenous people of the Ojibwe tribe associated with the British because they already made agreements with the British and a British victory would prevent American colonialism to settle in. After the British and Ojibwe loss, the Ojibwe tribe was forced to settle
Spain signed a secret treaty ceding half of her North American
It was the time when Manifest Destiny concept, an idea in special role and destiny of the United States, was highly popular. The concept that consequently justified the expansionism and nationalism. Therefore, Polk’s expansionist impulse, though strong and quite successful, was a product of dominant thoughts that were circulating among Americans.
O’Sullivan, has introduced both the idea and coined the term Manifest Destiny. At the time when the article was written, many people supported the idea of territorial expansion, for they believed that they were destined to manifest under the will of God. According to John L. O’Sullivan, or at least it is understood that he has written the article, believed that the nation should arise above all other nations and create an excellence on divine principles and to establish on earth the noblest temple ever dedicated to worship the “Most High.”8 Six years later, John O’Sullivan has written “Annexation” where he officially coined the term, “Manifest Destiny.” In “Annexation,” the writer urged that all parties should unite, especially since other nations have intruded themselves between the U.S and the appropriate parties, have interfered and hampered over America’s power, and limited the greatness and checking the fulfillment of Manifest Destiny to overspread the continent by Providence for the free development of the
“The expansive future is our arena, and for our history. We are entering on its untrodden space, with the truths of god in our minds, beneficent objects in our hearts, and with a clear conscience unsullied by the past.” This is telling the reader that we have a huge desire to go and capture something that no one can stop us from.” Manifest Destiny” is supporting of expansion, discovering new lands and resources. “Manifest Destiny,” “American Progress,” “Reporting to the President, September
The Settlement of the West During the last half of the nineteenth century the federal government snatched land from the Indians with one hand and gave huge allotments of land to the railroads with the other . Pushing the Indians into little reservations and then later into individual properties, the Federal government freed up land that Americans in the East wanted. Meanwhile railroad lines started to crisscross the nation, cutting travel time significantly. The governments Indian policies and the railroad overbuilding encouraged and enabled Americans to rush to the West.
People were drawn to the West because it was scene as the last resort to make a living when all else failed in the East. Communication with friends and family who had moved west led these pioneers to believe the journey would be easy and the reward for getting west would be best. And the greatly available land was the strongest pulling factor to people interested in adventuring west. Migration was a personal choice that depended on several key factors, “Age of the head of household; economic status; personal attitudes; and projected costs and benefits of the resettlement.” Most historians agree that the majority of the people who migrated west were middle class and mostly immigrants to the US.
“Once we became an independent people it was as much a law of nature that this [control of all of North America] should become our pretension as that the Mississippi should flow to the sea” –John Quincy Adams (Henretta, p. 384). In the 1840s, Americans had a belief that God destined for them to expand their territory all the way westward to the Pacific Ocean. This idea was called Manifest Destiny. In the nineteenth century, Americans were recognized for coming together and building up one another for one cause: westward expansion.
Manifest Destiny and Its Effects on Slavery in America Manifest Destiny was a term first applied by New York Journalist John L. Sullivan in 1845, when he described the idea of the United States continuing to acquire new territory in North America; however, the concept of Manifest Destiny had been applied in principle long before then. From the conception of the United States, Americans believed that their country was one predestined by God to exemplify purity and freedom, and to “manifest to mankind the excellence of divine principles” (O’Sullivan, John L.); therefore, it was their duty to spread this spirit by continuing to gain territory (Foner 339). As the country spread, so did slavery, and the American economy became dependent upon this
America had a dream of Manifest Destiny (O’Sullivan). Which they believe that God had set aside the entire North America for United States(Textbook). “Which later started the Westward movement”. During the time Native Americans tribes and Mexico had already had been inhabiting the area(Textbook). They would not leave without a fight.
The families came together to form what was called a wagon train in May 1846. Another reason for the Americans movement westward, was the belief in manifest destiny. Manifest destiny was the belief of the United States expanding towards the California coast. It was also because the views on religious freedom, were nowhere near as strict as they wear on the East
Manifest Destiny and the Westward Expansion was made so that the Americans could expand as far as the Pacific Ocean. All though this was a benefit for the Americans, it caused the Native Americans and the Mexicans to deal with a lot of hardship. There were many political, economic, and social reasons for Manifest Destiny, but these reasons did not always have positive outcomes. The Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny negatively impacted the economic vision of America.
In the 19th Century, there were strong supporters of the ideology of Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny was basically the belief of expansion by settlers expanding all over America because god supposedly destined the Americans for expansions by their resources. This resulted for the Americans to find a modern mode of transportation that would make traveling from the east to the west coast easier. This resulted in a mega construction known as the Transcontinental Railroad. The railroad not only helps with transportation but with trading.
New Nationalism vs. New Freedom In the 1912 election for president there were four candidates, two were Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. Both had reforms that they placed as the center of their campaigns. Roosevelt’s reform was New Nationalism and Wilson’s was New Freedom.
Manifest Destiny was the term used by John O’Sullivan to describe America’s desire to expand West due to reasons including both the vast amount of unclaimed land and the opportunities Americans wanted to explore. During this time, Americans believed that it was their God-given right to expand West, and therefore they were entitled to push away any groups that were in their way. Due to the mindset that the Americans could do as they pleased with the groups of people who got in their way, Manifest Destiny affected many groups of people, including the American Indians and Slaves, and continued to build up the preexisting tension between the North and South. One of the groups of people affected greatly by Manifest Destiny were the Native Americans. Manifest Destiny affected the American Indians by spreading foreign diseases to them as they moved Westward, through the Native American territory.