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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

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History Dissociative identity disorder (DID), originally referred to as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) was first identified in 1815. Throughout the 19th century several prominent figures in psychology studied MPD, including Jung and Freud (Ellason & Ross, 1995). The term dissociative was established in the late 1800s by Pierre Janet, a French psychologist. Janet described the term dissociative as a state in which an individual’s personality is split into several inaccessible pieces (Joel, 2012). Less than a decade later Morton Prince, an American psychologist, utilized this term to describe a patient who appeared to have multiple personalities (Joel, 2012). Around 1910, the diagnosis of MPD decreased due to the belief that different personalities …show more content…

Throughout the 1990s etiological research increased on the diagnosis of MPD. Psychologists began to look at a new etiological perspective, labeled the sociocognitive model (Boysen & VanBergen, 2013). This model states DID is caused by social and cultural norms. For example, whenever the interest in DID increased, the amount of people being diagnosed with this disorder increased. In addition, this model includes the iatrogenic perspective. Proponents of this perspective postulate DID is caused by influence from the therapist (Boysen & VanBergen, 2013). Etiological concerns continue to be a popular topic of research pertaining to DID, and contribute to the controversy of the …show more content…

The DSM-5 lists several differential diagnoses such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, factitious disorder and malingering. Research has been conducted surrounding three major differential diagnoses: schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). According to Ellason and Ross (1995) 24% to 49% of individuals who are diagnosed with DID have been diagnosed with schizophrenia at one point in their lives. Both schizophrenia and DID are characterized by Schneiderian symptoms. Schneiderian symptoms include auditory hallucinations, somatic passivity, delusional thinking, and thought insertion or withdrawal (Ellason and Ross, 1995). Studies have shown while these symptoms are present in schizophrenia, they are more prevalent in DID (Ellason and Ross, 1995). Ellason and Ross (1995) completed a study on 108 mental health patients diagnosed with DID. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was utilized to determine the level of positive and negative symptomatic disturbances in each individual (Ellason and Ross, 1995). The results from the DID patients were compared to a group of 240 patients with schizophrenia. Data analysis indicated positive symptoms were more prevalent in the individuals with DID, and negative symptoms were more prevalent in the patients with schizophrenia (Ellason and Ross,

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