Many children and adolescent are redirected to organized sport to support their psycho-social developments. At the beginning of adolescence period and in some sports in childhood, the discovered talents start to train excessively to specialize in sport and to compete at elite level at the end of their adolescence period and in young adulthood (Fraser-Thomas Cote & Deakin, 2008). Certainly in pursuit of this path, coaches have critical influence on athletes. According to a study that reported in a book of Coaching Association of Canada, 96 % of the young athletes stated that coaches have greater effect on their behaviors than parents, peers or teachers. In addition, Tomlinson and Yorgancı (1997) found that the coach’s decisional powers can exceed …show more content…
In addition to those forms, although, it is widely searched topic in women studies (Adams, Sullivan, Bybee & Greeson, 2008; Sanders, 2015), there is no study on economic abuse in sport environment. Emotional abuse is defined as any non-contact behaviors that can harm the psychological well-being of a person (Stirling & Kerr, 2008; 2009). The examples for emotional abuse in sport environment can be belittling comments, humiliation, showing aggression without contacting the athlete (e.g. throwing equipment), intentionally denial of attention or support, expulsion from training/competition, forcing athlete to compete or train before rehabilitation period completed after injury (Stirling, 2009; Stirling, Bridges, Cruz & Mountjoy, 2011). According to a survey conducted with 4597 people in the United Kingdom, 75 % of the respondents experienced emotionally harmful behaviors such as being humiliated, shouted, threatened with being thrown out of the club, criticised about looks /weight and so on (Alexander, Stafford & Lewis, 2011). Gervis and Dunn (2004) had interviews with 12 elite children athletes to explore their experiences with emotionally abusive coaching behaviors. All the participants stated that they experienced at least seven of abusive behaviors namely; shouting, belittling, threathining, humiliating, scapegoating, ignoring, rejecting, isolating. Physical abuse is an
This is where the training of coaches comes into play. From a parents perspective the individual that is coaching their kid is very critical to the process. For example, one in every four coaches is considered less than good as seen by parents of the athlete (Aleshire, 2003). In an observational and interview
Harassment and abuse are considered breaches of human rights and occur in all countries. According to Encyclopedia of Psychology, sexual abuse is unwanted sexual activity with perpetrators using force, making threats or taking advantage of victims who are not able to give consent. Most of victims and perpetrators know each other. In sport, women athletes are more frequent victims of harassment and abuse than men athletes. Many women athletes drop out of sport rather than continue being subjected to the constant harassment and abuse.
This means that the games for children need to focus more on their pleasure and enjoyment rather than on the competition. Competition only makes children bound to be winners. It also discourages sportsman spirit. Instead of being a source of healthy growth, these competitive sports have started becoming the source of depression for children when they don’t fulfil the expectations of their parents. These sports should enhance the sportsman spirit in children and must be beneficial for their mental and physical health.
In today’s world, there are countless children that experience verbal abuse in their homes, and this type of abuse can also be seen in writings from today and long ago. In the article “Verbal Abuse,” Sharon W. Stark shares that “verbal abuse is a specific type of psychological or emotional abuse. [...] Verbal abuse can be overt or covert, but it is always related to controlling and manipulating the victim. [... It] may consist of shouting, insulting, intimidating, threatening, shaming, demeaning, or name calling” (Stark 1).
Dr. Frank L. Smoll states, “All children and youth need vigorous physical activity as part of their daily lives, and sports provide the benefits of exercise and the potential for acquiring a sense of accomplishment.” (Smoll 1/2).
Children who participate in competitive sports at a young age experience more serious negative impacts than positives, including a risk of severe injury, losing
Summary In “Children Need to Play, Not Compete,” Jessica Statsky tries to demonstrate the negative effect of organized sports on the physical and psychological health of growing child. She claims that the games are not festive but they end up in the wrong development of a child’s brain. The coaches and parents have high hopes for their children that result in the pressure building. This changes the purpose of sports from teaching tolerance, teamwork and sportsmanship to merely winning by all means.
“In the U.S., about 30 million children and teens participate in some form of organized sports, and more than 3.5 million injuries each year” claims Stanford Children’s Health. It’s definitely true that competitive sports can cause all sorts of injuries from big to small. The media teaches people simply that sports leads to horrific injuries and can cause stress, but what the mainstream media hardly discusses are the great benefits of competitive sports. While there may be some negatives to competitive sports, that’s just life, and to add on to that; there are plenty of benefits which are sure to override to media’s facts. Kids should play competitive sports because competitive sports teach children powerful life lessons, contributes to their social and mental stability, and because of the physical gain competitive sports provides.
People sharing their mental health stories has taken an uprise since Covid lockdown. More and more people are starting to post on social media platforms. Sometimes it is about family members other times it can be about their own struggles. Social media platforms are being used more often now for people to speak about their own problems and how it has affected them personally and as a family. Mainstream news are starting to interview and report about big time celebrities and athletes.
Mental health is an important factor for a successful life. People have different perspectives on the impacts it can have. It all depends on how sports is used and seen. Team sports bring many random people, who probably do not know each other together, by practicing and participating in team activities. You might get closer to some teammates, making a forever lasting friendship.
“Coaching is the purposeful improvement of competition sports performance, achieved through a planned programme of preparation and competition.” (Lyle, 1999). “Motivation is the direction and intensity of effort.” (Weinberg & Gould, 2003). In order to create a psychological coaching manual, one must understand the needs of the specific group of athletes.
In conclusion, ethics in sport adversely affects a sport managers career. Some prominent ethical issues that sport management professionals deal with in the 21st century include discrimination, athletes in the public eye and drug use. The treatment of every individual should be appropriate. Their race and gender should not be a factor in the determination of a role on a specific team. Also, athletes must uphold a professional reputation, in and away from their respective sport.
2022; LeRoy, 2021). Athletes are subject to many different types of abuse, McMahon (2022) discusses research done by Stirling and Kerr where they studied a team of college swimmers, who had experiences physical, emotional, and verbal abuse from their coach. The swimmers also experienced instances where their coach would act aggressively and hit or throw objects at them. Coaches are the biggest culprits for abuse at the collegiate level. With the growing awareness abuse student athletes are experiencing, they are resorting to psychological abuse, “Coaches have allegedly engaged in racial intimidation, sexual degradation, homophobic behavior, and bullying, causing psychological problems including suicidal thoughts” (LeRoy, 2021).
Emotional abuse is sometimes also known as psychological abuse, which is the continuing emotional violation of a person by another and can have a severe impact upon a person’s life. It can comprise intentionally trying to intimidate, scare, frighten or humiliate a person. Emotional abuse leaves the offender free to gain authority and control over someone through his behaviors, language and gestures, which with the passage of time reduce the person’s sense of self-worth, self-belief and confidence. Due to the fact that psychological abuse contains no physical torture and there are no visible physical signs, sometimes, it can be hard to identify it.
In order to understand the key terms being used in the study. These terms should be clearly defined according how they are used in the study in order to make easy understanding of the problem. Th following are: Physical Bullying- Physical bullying includes hitting, kicking, tripping, pinching and pushing or damaging property.