INTRODUCTION:
Enbridge Inc. is a Canadian energy company and one of the largest energy transportation and distribution companies in North America. Founded in 1949, the company operates the world’s longest crude oil and liquids transportation system. It operates in Canada and the United States, with businesses in natural gas gathering, transmission and midstream, green energy, and international energy projects. Enbridge has a portfolio of businesses that includes natural gas pipelines, liquids pipelines, storage and midstream, and green energy. The company is active in the oil sands, offshore and onshore oil and gas production, natural gas gathering, transmission and midstream, renewable energy and international energy projects.
LEGAL STRUCTURE:
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MISSION STATEMENT:
Enbridge is committed to safety and operational reliability, providing energy solutions in a responsible manner and being a trusted energy partner. It strives to create value for its stakeholders, build relationships based on trust, and enrich the communities where they live and work. Its mission is to fuel people's quality of life by connecting resources to the world. It is committed to protecting the environment, and to operating in a socially and environmentally responsible manner.
COMPANY HISTORY:
Enbridge Inc. is a Canadian energy company that was founded in 1949. It is one of the largest and most diversified energy transportation companies in North America. The company began as a pipeline construction company in Alberta, Canada, building pipelines to transport natural gas from the Alberta's oilfields to markets in Canada and the United States. In the 1960s, Enbridge began to expand its operations, acquiring pipeline networks in the United States and Canada and investing in oil and gas exploration and production. In the 1970s, the company began to develop its energy transportation business, constructing crude oil pipelines and liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities. In the 1980s, Enbridge began to diversify its operations, investing in power plants and natural gas storage facilities. It also began to invest in renewable energy projects. In the 1990s and 2000s, the company
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The company provides energy delivery and energy related services to approximately 11 million customers in the United States and Canada. Enbridge also has business operations and investments in natural gas gathering, transmission, and
This documents includes over 30,000 pages. They must receive approval from the regulator in order to start their Pipeline project. “Federal Regulation Interprovincial pipelines are federally regulated and fall under the jurisdiction of Canada’s National Energy Board (NEB). Specific areas of NEB oversight include: Construction and operation of interprovincial and international pipelines and power lines Pipeline traffic, tolls and tariffs Export/import of natural gas Export of oil and electricity Frontier oil and gas activities Approvals To obtain approval for the Energy East Pipeline TransCanada must apply to the NEB for: Sale of pipeline assets from Canadian Mainline to Energy East Conversion of gas pipeline to oil service Construction of new oil pipeline facilities Certificate to own and operate new and converted facilities Approval of tariff and tolling methodology”. (TransCanada,
For the majority of history, in the United States, crude oil has been the primary source of fuel and energy. Whether it is burning the oil or using it for gas, the product has been used at an excess amount. Even with great success in the search for a new source of energy, America will always be dependent on oil. Upon this realization, the Keystone XL Pipeline was started in 2010. Advancing from southern Canada, through multiple depots in the United States, to its final completion in the southern United States, the pipeline was a lengthy project.
1. Calvin Coolidge - Governor of Massachusetts who later became the 30th President of the U.S. He is significant because he was involved in the Boston Police Strike. Coolidge called out the National Guard to restore order and was praised for saving the nation from communism and anarchy. 2.
It’s going to be used to transport oil to the United States from Canada. This topic is highly controversial because of the negative impacts it causes on the environment, the political issues, and economic benefits. According to “The Keystone XL Pipeline: Improper Reliance on Weak Conservation Measures for Endangered
The environmental argument is coming from a clash over the fact they are basically stripping the canadian boreal forest, the path of the pipeline extends across major aquifers, and pipelines tend to leak and destroy surrounding environments. In addition ccording to The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions State, “epartment’s draft SEIS found that oil from the Canadian oil sands is 17 percent more carbon-intensive than the average oil consumed in the United States... It is estimated that the U.S. greenhouse gas footprint would increase by 3 million to 21 million metric tons per year, or around 0.04 percent to 0.3 percent of the 2010 levels, if Keystone is built. Fortunately on November 6, 2015, President Barack Obama’s administration rejected the Keystone Pipeline XL after 7 years of dispute. As mentioned in the Wall Street Journal, Obama stated “the project would not have lowered gas prices, improved energy security or made a meaningful long-term contribution to the economy
How was Lester B. Pearson a force for positive change in Canada? Lester B. Pearson; his last name sounds very familiar. If you have ever left the country for a vacation with the family or to attend some business, you most likely went through Toronto Pearson International Airport. Today, Pearson International is one of the most well-known airports out there. Toronto Pearson Airport began construction in 1957–1964 and was officially opened for service on February 28th, 1964, by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson.
electric company. The program is brought to Alberta classrooms and communities via a 40-foot motorhome and delivers educational programs about Alberta’s energy resources and energy efficiency (ATCO Energy Sense, “Energy Education”, n.d., para 3). The programs are designed for grade 4 science and social studies curriculum. The program is administrated through ATCO EnergySense, an arm of ATCO, and is managed by two coordinators. The program also provides a range of teacher and resources including an energy landscape game, teacher resources geared towards electricity and power.
But this costly project is not benefiting the United States at all. In fact, the forever fluctuating gas prices will rise, and raise 20 to 40 cents higher per gallon. The reasoning behind this is because big Canadian oil companies will not only want to distribute their oil to the United States, but also to overseas countries, in order to make their businesses more money. “The conclusion of the report is: "U.S. consumers should be wary of the Keystone XL pipeline--not just for substantial environmental and safety reasons, but because it threatens their wallets. Given the fleeting benefits of construction jobs, the unprovability of long-term benefits and the negative effect of higher
The creation of the United States is considered by many to be a great experiment in democracy. After the War of 1812, America was filled with tremendous nationalism and as the young country grew, many nations look to it as both an inspiration and a warning. Americans seemed united behind their president James Monroe, who was elected in 1816 and then ran uncontested for his second term in 1820. However, even during this time there were many discussions and arguments within the nation’s own government regarding the benefits of democracy.
“I am grateful for the opportunities I have been given to participate in that work as a representative of my country, Canada, whose people have, I think, shown their devotion to peace1.” Lester B. Pearson, in office as Prime Minister from 1963 to 1968, was always a person who was determined, compassionate, and fit for what his role was. Though, before becoming Prime Minister of Canada, Pearson served in World War Two, studied at the Universities of Toronto and Oxford, and he joined the Canadian Foreign Service in 1928 and became the every first secretary in the Department of External Affairs. Pearson, born on April 23rd 1897, and died on December 27th 1972, had the most significant impact on Canadian History as he enacted the Canadian Pension
Lester Bowles Pearson was the 14th Prime Minister of Canada and served in office from the 22nd of April 1963 until the 20th of April in 1968. In the eyes of many he is considered as one of the most influential people of the 20th century. (“Lester B. Pearson,” Wikipedia) Born in Newtonbrook, he was known as a serious scholar and his athletic talents soon became apparent during his time at University. He excelled at numerous sports such as rugby, basketball, ice hockey as well as baseball.
Controversy Surrounding the Keystone XL Pipeline To build or not to build, this choice will impact the relationship between the US and Canada and determine the level of dependence the US will have on countries that are not so friendly. “TransCanada’s proposed Keystone XL Pipeline would transport oil sands crude from Canada and shale oil produced in North Dakota and Montana to a market hub in Nebraska for delivery to Gulf Coast refineries. The pipeline would consist of 875 miles of 36-inch pipe with the capacity to transport 830,000 barrels per day” (Parfomak, Pirog, Luther and Vann 4). The construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline would strengthen the United States economy, provide energy security and have minimal environmental impact. “The Keystone XL project would create $1.1 trillion in private capital investment at no
Summary/Assessment: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), which is an organization operating in every Southern state with its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. He came to Birmingham, Alabama because injustice lies there and helped protest about it in a nonviolent demonstration against racial discrimination. The eight clergymen of the South did not approve of these demonstrations happening which caused Dr. King to be confined in Birmingham Jail cell, writing a letter to them men explaining on why he was in Birmingham and what his reasons were for these protests. He begins to talk about and explain the four basic steps that needed to be followed for any nonviolent campaign. He also gives the audience a better understanding by giving a visual glimpse of what the black community had to endure.
As a major oil & gas company, ExxonMobil operates in three market segments: upstream, downstream and chemicals. ExxonMobil 's mission is to be the premier petroleum and petrochemical company in the world. To deliver on that mission requires each of the three market segments, upstream, downstream and chemical, to be premier among their competition. Overall Corporate Strategy With relentless attention to the operational excellence, safe, reliable, efficient operations and reducing the risk by applying the highest operational standards is embedded in ExxonMobil 's culture.
In the Oil & Gas Industry the competition is significantly intensive, with the market being ruled by big giants such as Exxon Mobil, Total, ConocoPhillips, British Petroleum, Chevron and the Royal Dutch Shell etc. Appendix A shows the market values of these super majors. The market is over ruled by three different types of players. 1.