1.3.3 Second Wave Feminism
Second Wave Feminism is more radical in its thought and formation. Apart from blaming the institutions, it attacks the basic meanings of ‘man’ and ‘woman’. Second Wave Feminists focused on a broad range of issues in the 1960s, 70s and early 80 are including discrimination in workplaces and in broader society. Some of the key struggles were around affirmative action, pay equity, rape, domestic violence, pornography and sexism in the media, and reproductive choice. The fight for reproductive choice included a fight to have information about, and access to, birth control (selling or promoting birth control was illegal in Canada until 1969) as well as the struggle to decriminalize abortion. In 1988 the Supreme Court
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The third wave feminism has derived from radical and socialist feminism. The third wave feminists re-evaluate and extend the issues taken up by the second wave. They also critically re-assess themes and concepts of second wave feminism. They don’t take up “women” as a general category but focus on the factual and theoretical implication of difference among women. The difference not biological but those that resulted from the unequal distribution of socially produced goods and services on the basis of position in global system, caste, class, race, ethnicity, religion, age and affectional preference. These factors interact with gender stratification. Hence several studies have come up with topic like “gender and race”, “gender and global location”, “gender and caste etc. These studies show an intricately inter-woven system of caste, class, race, gender and global expression and privileges. This oppressive system produces pathological attitude, actions and personalities such pathological personalities came up in new feminist movement. Hence this is called as global movement and futurist movement of the 21st …show more content…
It is the pursuit of women 's rights within the society of India. Like their feminist counterparts all over the world, feminists in India seek gender equality: the right to work for equal wages, the right to equal access to health and education, and equal political rights. Indian feminists also have fought against culture-specific issues within India 's patriarchal society, such as inheritance laws and the practice of widow immolation known as
A Brief History 2nd wave feminism motivated
In 1927, the United State Supreme Court had a case called Buck v Bell who set a legal example that states may sterilize prisoners of public institutions. The court argued that imbecility, epilepsy, and feeblemindedness are heredity, and that the prisoners should be prevented from passing these defects to the next generation. In my opinion if Buck v Bell were to argue in this year I believe that Bell would not win because in today’s society the legal sterilization of the prisoners has been allowed in many cases. (Antonios, Nathalie, and Christina Raup. “The Embryo Project Encyclopedia.”
In the second wave of feminism, women of Canada began to gain many of the rights that Canada has today. Women’s battle for equality positively impacted women's lives in Canada. Firstly, access to
Go Ask Alice Paper After reading the book and watching the movie “Go Ask Alice” my classmates and I figured out that both the movie and the book have a hidden message(s) in them. They both relate to second wave feminism. There are many examples listed in the book and shown throughout the movie. They both showed us that even know women had gotten far at trying to become equal, there were some things that still needed to be addressed.
The Women’s Movement The Women’s movement in the 1960s or the “Second wave of feminism” stemmed from every women’s limitations in almost every aspect of life. After the first wave feminism which focussed solely on gaining women’s suffrage, the second wave moved on to different every day discriminations. From family to work, a woman lived by her expectations. She was to marry in her early 20s, so that she could start a family early and devote her life to being a housewife, no chance at a career, that was considered a mans job.
The first wave of feminism took place between the period of 1830-1920, arousing from an industrial society and liberal, socialist politics. The main concerns during this period were the enfranchisement of women and the extension of civil rights to women, particularly suffrage. There were other officially mandated inequalities as such property rights, equal rights in marriage, and positions of political power too. A new view of what women were capable of doing dawned upon when during World War I, there was a serious shortage of able-bodied men and women were required to take on men’s
The second-wave feminist movement had a positive influence on our current society as exemplified by the National Organization for Women, Redstockings, Anti-Rape Movement, Battered Women’s Movement, by women such as Robin Morgan, Carol Hanisch, Betty Friedan, and Gloria Steinem, as well as topics like abortion, birth control, college, job opportunities, the use of Ms., and black women empowerment. To begin with, the National Organization for Women was an essential element to why American women have as many rights as they do. This movement encompassed most of the ideals of the second-wave feminist movement and became established by their defiance towards oppression from the government and job discrimination. From the “Bill of Rights for Women”
The late 1960s in Canada, as throughout the Western world, saw the emergence of a new women 's movement. This new feminism rejected all limits to the equality of women 's rights and showed that equality in daily life cannot be obtained through simple legal, political or institutional modifications. Women were greatly influenced by books and articles by feminists such as Kate Millett, Germaine Greer, Gloria Steinem and Shulamith Firestone, and by publications such as Women Unite: An Anthology of the Women 's Movement (1972) and Margaret Anderson 's Mother Was Not a Person (1973). These writers held that society 's major power relationship was one of domination and oppression of women by men. The existing body of social relationships, along with the very functioning of society, was analysed and
Many women who were considered feminists in this era were also supporters of Jim Crow laws and believed that African Americans were part of society’s problems. Feminism throughout this time period was also exclusive to women of the middle-class because workingwomen and poor women did not have the luxury of technology and worked out of necessity rather than for autonomy. Another issue with this part of the movement was that once a woman had children, she was no longer considered worthy of the rights she had while she was unmarried and childless (Nolan, 370). The birth of the feminist movement in the progressive era paved the way for tackling complex women’s issues into the 1930s.
Moreover, it challenged the compulsory heterosexuality, a woman can only be successful in society if she is married to a man and be a good ‘housewife,’ which consolidates patriarchy. Radical Feminism challenged many social ideas from reproductive rights to workplace which inevitably led them to examine the traditional gender roles. Finally, Third Wave Feminism, or Transversal Feminism, ultimately seeks to overthrow essentialism, that there exists a single definition of man-ness and woman-ness. Instead, gender is a spectrum of
The Civil Rights Movement that had begun in the 1950s had originally focused on advocating for the rights of African Americans. The movement soon expanded to include several other groups who began demanding greater rights and freedoms, a major one being women. Although stepping up and joining the workforce due to World War II in the early twentieth century, women were quickly shooed out of factories and businesses and confined to their homes and families once the world regained stability. Many women who were dissatisfied with their lives under social restrictions began the movement known as the ‘2nd Wave of Feminism’, in which women fought for their rights of equal pay, maternity leave, and other entitlements. Particularly in the working world,
It is a revolution that includes men and women who wish for the world to be a place of equality between genders. Feminism is amongst the many terms that are perceived differently according to each individual 's own view of how the world is and how it should be. directed towards advocating for gender and sex equality for women. Feminism is a movement that seek to achieve equality and social rights for women in all key areas which includes education, personal, economic, employment, and cultural sphere of human endeavours. Activists of the feminist movements usually social and political theories to campaign for women’s rights and freedom where sexuality and gender-based political thinking have created imbalances and inequality for the women in
5). The first wave feminists are regarded as the ‘godmothers’ of feminism because they claimed for controversial and critical changes, which then became part of women’s lives (Baumgardner & Richards, 2000; Henry, 2004; Heywood, 2006, as cited in Ewig & Ferree, 2013, p. 448). They laid the ground for further following feminists’ waves and movements, as for example the second wave of feminism (1960s – 1970s). Intersectionality was one of the ground-breaking differences in comparison to the first wave of feminism. The second wave feminists included a variety of women, other than just the white-bourgeoisie western women.
THE UNDERSTANDING OF FIRST WAVE OF FEMINISM "Feminism is the
First, we should define feminism. Basically, feminism is a philosophy that advocates equal rights for women and men. The more feminists seek to overthrow any sign of male dominance in our society, to the point where they disapprove the biblical roles of husbands and wives, defending abortion, and so on. Modern feminism is a forged solution to the real issue of the inequality of women. Feminism assumes to itself the right to demand respect and equality in every aspect of life.