Food irradiation is a technology that can be safely used to reduce food losses due to deterioration and to control contamination causing illness and death. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for regulating the sources of radiation that are used to irradiate food. Radiation is energy in transit either as electromagnetic waves or high-speed particles. These kinds of radiation are also referred as ionizing radiation because their energy levels are high enough to dislodge electrons from atoms and molecules and to convert them to electrically charged particles called ions (DOH, 2000). Food irradiation uses radiant energy to rid food of harmful microorganisms, insects, fungi and other pests to retard spoilage. Hence, FDA approves …show more content…
To be licensed, the facility must have been designed with multiple fail-safe measures, and must establish extensive and well documented safety procedures, and worker training. The common features of all commercial irradiation facilities are the irradiation room and a device to transport the food into and out of the room. The transport system employed in a large food irradiation facility is similar to that used for sterilization of medical products and can be either a conveyor or a rail system. The speed of the belt helps to control the radiation dose delivered to the food by controlling the exposure time. In order to prevent inadvertent gamma radiation exposure, the source must be insulated from the outside world by a 1.5 to 1.8 metres thick concrete shielding surrounding the irradiation room. In the case of a gamma irradiator, the radionuclide source emits radiation and when not being used to treat food must be stored in a water pool that is usually 6 metres in depth. Water is known as one of the best shields against radiation energy because it can absorb the radiation energy and protects from exposure if they must enter the room. Radioactive elements do not have an "off" switch, nor do they come equipped with directional or intensity controls. In contrast to gamma irradiators, machines producing high-energy operate on electricity and can be switched off. Product thickness depends on density and electron energy that treatment on the top and bottom of a package. The facility of 3 typical type radiation sources for whole processing of food irradiation is shown as
In Maryruth Belsey Priebe’s article “Benefits of Being a Locavore” she expresses the benefits to buying local produce. Priebe catches her readers in her opening statement discussing the benefits of becoming a locavore with “Supported by environmentalists and average households, locally grown food is a great way to reduce your carbon footprint while enjoying tastier, healthier food at a lower cost” (Priebe). A locavore is a word used to describe someone who purchases food locally in order to try to reduce their carbon footprint. Priebe’s makes sure that she shares some of the concerns with the long-distance food miles before delving in to the benefits of becoming a locavore like the experience involved in purchasing locally, having healthier
“What is a breeder reactor?” A breeder reactor produces more material capable of sustaining a nuclear fission chain reaction than it consumes to generate energy. Using fission, atomic nuclei split into two or more smaller nuclei. This process converts a small amount of mass into energy. A breeder reactor utilizes uranium-238 or thorium, two readily available materials.
West Encyclopedia (2005) studies show that “The FDA annually regulates over $1 trillion worth of products, which accounts for one-fourth of all consumer spending in the United States.” The FDA protect patients’ rights and safety in clinical trials of new medical products, monitor promotional activities and regulate labeling of packaged foods. The FDA is responsible for monitoring the safety of the nation’s blood supply.
The code addresses controls for risk factors to protect consumer health. There were five key interventions established to achieve this goal of addressing risk factors. These interventions are: demonstration of knowledge, employee health controls, controlling hands as a vehicle of contamination, time and temperature parameters for pathogen control, and consumer advisory. The goal of the Food Code is to regulate food processing. This goal is achieved in many ways, but a few are: setting a proper holding temperature for food, identifying incompetent cooking (raw food), restricting contaminated cooking equipment, finding safe sources for food, and setting standards for the personal hygiene of people around and handling food.
Daily millions of products come into the U.S. and the FDA inspects those products to protect the consumer from biological or radiation materials that pose a threat to lives. Every pharmaceutical company within the U.S. must meet the standards set by the FDA before patenting and selling their drugs. The actual process can take up to several years. Public health is the focus of the FDA and regulations and mandates changes constantly to meet the needs of the American
Health and safety at work act 1947 The health and safety at work is the legislation, which covers the employees’ health and safety in the UK. The law requires a high level of management that employers must follow, they must look at risks and assess them and take a sensible measure to prevent these risks from happening. This policy and procedures is for Risk assessments and the fire policy/procedure. This promotes safety because care organisations have to make sure that they are able to provided a safe environment in a health and social care setting.
This storage time can last from several days to millions of years depending on the isotope of uranium used [14]. This can be problematic as many cases have been reported of nuclear waste being mishandled resulting in pollution to the surrounding environment, as was the case in France in 2008, when over 75kg of radioactive material seeped into the ground, polluting nearby rivers and land [15]. Though nuclear plants are subject to very rigorous safety testing, accidents still occur, most recently on 11th March 2011 in Fukushima, Japan, when a tsunami caused the malfunction of vital cooling equipment which resulted in three nuclear meltdowns and the release of radioactive material into the North Pacific Ocean [16]. All land within 20 kilometres of the plant, a total of 600 square kilometres, has been deemed a permanent exclusion zone by the Japanese government. Large amounts of radioactive Caesium-137 have detected in a range of Japanese foodstuffs, from tea leaves, beef, milk and freshwater fish as far as 300 kilometres from the Fukushima plant
Depending on the processing methods employed to produce them, commercial pet foods fall into one or the other of the following two categories: heat-treated and raw. So-called 'heat-treated ' pet foods are processed using all-too-often excessive levels of heat. These foods are baked, cooked (canned), extruded, or heat-dried (often the case with kibble- or pellet-type pet foods). Diets based on such heat-treated pet foods are probably the least desirable in terms of maintaining the health and general well being of most animals. Heat processing of food destroys all enzymes, many vitamins and antioxidants, and changes the molecular structure of proteins and even fibers.
Therefore, an increasing number of countries are now developing it. However, after the two serious nuclear accidents - Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disasters, the movement of anti-nuclear is keeping on emerging around the world. More and more people know that the consequence of nuclear accidents, especially these two major accidents, are disastrous to both the environment and our health. The radioactive material is still contaminating the air, water, and finally our food today.
It is also electronic, which takes much less time to turn on and off lowering the amount of time a patient is exposed to radiation. Since the system will be much smaller is could be used out side the medical field
Training will be conducted with all personnel who work with or are potentially exposed to hazardous chemicals. These employees will be re-trained on an annual basis. It is required that all containers will be properly labeled with the appropriate hazard warning label and contain the manufacturers name and address. Each container will be verified by a second person
Nuclear power comes from using enriched uranium fuel rods for reactions in the reactor core to generate electricity from steam-powered turbines (Endres, 2009). Unfortunately, this produces non-biodegradable waste which emit harmful radiation over their half-lives that can last thousands of years ("Dangers and Effects of Nuclear Waste Disposal",n.d.). Due to its hazardous nature, the only options to handle the waste is to either store it in casks at the plants in the short-term before relocating them to underground repositories for the long-term, or reprocess the waste to gain useful fuel back ("Nuclear Waste",n.d.). Unfortunately, reprocessing adds more waste than useful reclamation, so storage is the only option ("Nuclear Waste",n.d.). Building
After the side effects were discovered the FDA went back and researched the drug, and it was discovered that it causes defects across a wide range of species. Because of this catastrophe now it’s mandatory to do all the test before a product is
Abstract The Chernobyl accident was probably the worst possible catastrophe that could happen in a nuclear power station. It was the only one in history of nuclear power. It resulted in a total meltdown of the reactor core, a hardcore emission of radionuclides, and early deaths of only 31 persons and thousands of people were displaced from their homes permanently. The Explosion released about 300 MCi of radioactive substances, including about 40 &100 MCi of short-lived radioiodines.
Food dehydrators are considered to be an essential appliance in the kitchen, something that does help the task to be completed efficiently, effectively quickly. This is why, there is a genuine need for owning the best food dehydrator in the home. This will not only help the individual to lengthen the foodstuff’s shelf life, but also be in a position to cook nutritious snacks for the entire family that everyone is sure to enjoy and love. A good dehydrator machine allows the individual in processing foodstuff of any type, be it fruit, vegetables or meat. With numerous brands available in the market, it has really become tough for the ordinary person to find out the best one among them.