Federal Government/Commonwealth Government:
The Federal Government is a structure that distributes power between a strong National Government and Local Government. In Australia, the federal Government has a constitution that highlights what areas of social life the National Government and State Government will take charge of.
The Federal Government has many responsibilities and if not fulfilled, many problems will rise again and new challenges will show up. The many responsibilities include:
Economy
Other immigration DEFENCE
Foreign affairs
TRADE (INTERSTAE AND OVERSEAS)
Taxation
CUSTOMS AND EXCISE
Industrial relations
QUARANTINE
economic ManageMent
University education
Payment of social security benefits
Federal Aid to non-government schools
COMMUNICATION
https://www.vec.vic.gov.au/files/ActivitySheet9.pdf
State Government/Provincial Government:
The State Government is a component of government that particularly makes and enforces laws for a state. Australia utilises the state
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They include:
Community
Environment child care
LOCAL ROADS
LIBRARIES
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES (BEACHES, PARKS)
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES (sporting facilities)
GARBAGE COLLECTION AND RECYCLING
GARBAGE COLLECTION AND RECYCLING
LAND USE ZONING AND BUILDNG APPPROVALS
YOUTH SERVIS
ENFORCEMENT OF BY-LAWS (LITTERING, ILEGAL DUMPING)
ENFORCEMENT OF BY-LAWS (PARKING)
https://www.vec.vic.gov.au/files/ActivitySheet9.pdf https://www.randwick.nsw.gov.au/ Bruce Neville Notley-Smith
Federalism is a system of government in which a written constitution divides the powers of government on a territorial basis between a central government and states or provinces including using the division of powers. This is a good system to use when a government needs to have control but limited power. There are four main stages of federalism, dual federalism, cooperative federalism, regulated federalism, and new federalism. Dual Federalism was used from 1789-1937 and it separated the functions of the stated and federal government.
Full Length Paper #1 - Question 8 One of the key elements that make America a free country is the transparency and accountability of the democratic government; but contrary to popular belief, there exists more than one type of government in America. When most people hear the word government, they think of the differing levels of state government, but in reality, every organization, company, and firm in America has its own miniature version of a government. While similar in structure, the state government of America and the individual governments of businesses operate very differently. In the context of a business, the manager or CEO represents the head of the government, and he/she “rules” over the employees (even when they are off duty), but unlike the
Federalism is a system of government that exhibits a separation of sovereignty, and function between the national government, and state governments. This is founded on the concept division of power. Federal and states are given a specific level of control that
Fenna, A. (2012). Centralising Dynamics in Australian Federalism. Australian
In order to keep power equally, the federal government had to come up with a compromise, of course, as we now know it wasn’t going to be so easy, in fact, It took many years and many political debates to come up with a compromise. The compromise would then split the powers in the National Government and the State Government. As they would describe it, the National Government had enumerated powers, the State Government had Reserved power and the two Governments combined had Concurrent Powers. The Definition for Enumerated Powers states the power only belonging to the federal government.
The levels consist of local councils, state and federal parliaments where each level conducts elections, creates laws for citizens, is responsible for providing public goods and services and punishes those who abuse these laws (Victorian Government, Unknown). The national/federal Parliament has the power to enact law and govern Australia and is divided into three arms of government; legislature, executive and judiciary. The legislature, otherwise known as the Parliament of Australia, is made up of democratically elected representative within Australia (Australian Government, 2016). The Parliament of the Commonwealth comprises two separate chambers; the House of Representatives (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house). The House of Representatives encompasses 150 members, each representing a different electorate and the Senate in composed of 76 members where each state has 12 senators and the territories have 2 senators each.
What is Federalism? Federalism is a system of government in which a written constitution divides the powers of government on a territorial basis, between a central government and several regional governments usually called states or provinces. Federalism works in some cases but not always. There are certain factors Federalism can’t always meet. Federalism sometimes don’t work because of the central government or the states.
The Government is the ultimate ruler of the people, sets the ultimate laws of the land and says what goes and when not pleased uses all the means in their power to influence. The basic functions of the United States government are listed in the Constitution. Due to the immense power of our federal government, people often argue that it is too powerful and should be lessened. Sub further the state governments use a sum of power to do the same. There has been an effort to shift power from the federal government to the states.
A federalist government is one with a Central government and many smaller state governments. This was an effective way to prevent tyranny because Central government still had power, but the States still could control their respective state. There is venn diagram in
Australiais referred to as a Federal system of Government as it both a Parliamentary Democracy and a Constitutional Monarchy. Australia is a federation made up of six states (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania) which have their own constitutions, parliaments, governments and laws under three self- governing Territories. (“aph.gov.au”, 2013) In this system of government the powers are distributed between the six states and a national government.
Federalism is about maintaining territorial differences within an overarching political system. Its principles reflect this orientation. Federalism seeks to provide the benefits of unity without sacrificing the advantages of local autonomy, community choice and diversity within a nation. It allows different governments to offer different policy mixes or types of services to match local needs and preferences. Australia has adapted cooperative federalism that highlights the intersection between the two reform dynamics – substantial policy reform and reforming the institutional structures of federalism – that has presented the greatest opportunity to improve the operation of the country’s federation.
To figure out how federal system of government differ from unitary and confederal systems of government first we need to know what they mean. Federal system is “a system of government in which the national government shares power with lower levels of government such as states (Ginsberg)”. Unitary system is “a centralized government system in which lower levels of government have little power independent of the national government (Ginsberg)”. Confederal system of government is “Sovereign states delegate power to a central government for specific purposes (Primohistory)” .So federal system is different because power is shared power is shared between all areas of government like local and state for example.
Federalism Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between federal government, state government and provinces government. While federalism has many benefits, among them is checks and balances between the federal and state government, thus reducing the chances of one party getting too powerful and abusing their power. Preventing one party from being too powerful and abusing their powers is a good thing. However, it comes with a price that federal and provinces (state and local) governments do not always see eye to eye and agree with each other, which turns into conflict.
AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE Federated in 1901, Australia joined its states together to form one cohesive government. Since the day of federation Australia has been what is known as a representative democracy, which is where the officials are elected by the citizens of that country to represent the views of the citizens. All votes in Australia are compulsory, and to vote you have to be the age of eighteen.
2. The federal government was created by the Constitution of Australia, which came into effect in 1901 at the time of Federation. The structure and powers of the government were outlined in the Constitution. Similar to the Westminster System of government, the Commonwealth of Australia is divided into three separate branches: legislature, executive and judiciary.