To what extent was the Battle for Kokoda a Disaster?
Lauren Knappstein – Year 10 History – Ms Felgate-Pearce
The Battle of Kokoda was to a large extent a disaster for the Japanese army fighting in the war. The whole Invasion failed and caused major devastation to Japan and the Japanese soldiers fighting for expansion and supplies. After being through starvation, fatigue and so much devastation, the Kokoda was a true disaster for Japan.
From the start of the Invasion, the Japanese soldiers had to carry extremely heavy packs throughout the entire track, filled with ammo, food and weapons. Each bag would weigh up to 50kg and had to be carried up the many mountains and hard terrain of the Buna and Kokoda Track. This was what wore out the Japanese
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After Japan as an Army and a County had been through so much, the order came in to turn around and withdraw the orders to “Cross the mountains of Kokoda and attack Port Moresby”. But even after hearing the new orders, Japan kept positive that they would get through the hard time Japan was going through and that they could still win this war. After more and more days went by hope was lost, the Japan troops slowly got pushed back towards Buna and Gona. Eventually they reached the coasts of Buna, Gona and Sanananda and got together all of their 6000 troops to wait for the Australians. They built fortresses and everything to prepare for this battle, but after going through so much, they were ruined and Australia won the battle there. Most Japanese Soldiers were killed and not very many taken in as Prisoners of War. After being through so much advance and fighting, to be turned around and then terminated at the finish was a major disaster of devastation and emotion throughout all of Japan and its troops. Japan were prepared, knew how to jungle fight, and were willing to do anything to expand and get food for their country, but after being turned around and failing in their expedition, the devastation of it all was the worst emotional disaster that could have happened and this was what made the disaster of the war so major for Japan. But Japan weren’t the only ones who went through such a
The Battle of Kokoda was a Japanese attempt to isolate Australia from their allies of the US so that they could not use their resources and weaponry. Kokoda was a direct result of other failed attempts by the Japanese for example, the Battle of Coral Sea. Kokoda gave the Australian military the opportunity to fight a forward defensive battle on foreign soil rather than an attempt to repel an enemy from its sovereign soil, within its victory it assisted in improving the moral of both the soldiers and its citizenry by providing a much needed victory that showed the Japanese could be defeated. Additionally, it was the first occasion where the new alliance between the Australian and American forces was tested and with this the alliance was cemented not only for world war to but continuing to present
Within 10 weeks, Japan had dominated Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaya and Rabaul. The biggest town in north of Australia was Darwin which was a key defensive position against an aggressive Japan. Darwin was going to be a base for naval and air operations against the war in south east Asia. The intention of the attack was to scare Australia to become neutral in the war.
The Kokoda campaign was caused by conflicts, such as the possible invasion of Australia and the blocking of shipping from Australia to the allies, and cooperation, such as between Australia and the US Navy. The Kokoda campaign was started to capture Port Moresby which is extremely close to Australia. This causes examples of conflicts
The Battle for Kokoda, as a campaign overall, was a disaster to a large extent. This can be seen in the lack of preparation by the Australian troops, such as the supply drops and the AIF troops being sent to an unnecessary location. In addition to this, the terrain and conditions of the track had not been taken into account, which made the battle much harder both physically and strategically. However, possibly the worst mistake was the rivalry between commanders, and the way they treated the Battle for Kokoda like a game, instead of a real battle where people were dying because of their errors.
Over the course of years spent there, they became rather used to the conditions they lived in. They were fed appropriately, given a place to sleep, and treated humanely as possible. They were also given the opportunity of an education through a variety of academics brought to the camp. When the wartime was over and the Japanese were allowed back into everyday life, they weren’t treated as humans. They were looked down upon and treated as if they didn’t serve a purpose as every other citizen does.
Soon the war would come closer to home. On 8th December 1941, after the bombing of Pearl Harbour, Australia declared war on Japan. The Japanese offensive in New Guinea was the most direct threat Australia faced. Fortunately, the Americans staved off a naval attack on Australia at the Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942. The Japanese Army then attempted to reach Port Moresby, New Guinea, by land.
Japanese Imperial Navy only had a rough estimate of 21,000 men. Japan was outnumbered by many, many soldiers. Japan lost around 20,000 of their men, which was almost their whole army (Andrews). Americans had around 5,900 people killed and 17,400 wounded (Cowley). This was the only battle in which the United States Marine Corps had more casualties than Japan (10).
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Imperial Japanese forces were intent on landing a large force in Port Moresby, New Guinea and seize control of air fields on the island. The secondary plan was to also isolate Australia from allied support. “Early in 1942, Japan decided to block the Allies from setting up bases in Australia. Operation MO would send a large invasion force to Port Moresby, the capital of New Guinea. From Port Moresby, the Japanese would be able to project air power beyond the northern tip of Australia and establish bases even further south” (Hearn, Chester G., Carriers in Combat:
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