Major Depressive Disorder:
A Literature Review and Self-Reflection
September 11th, 2017
SSC 222 Abnormal Psychology
Professor E. Wiese
Word count:1472
Table of Contents
Introduction…………..…………………………………………………………………….….3
Method………………….……………………………………………………………………..3
Literature Review……….……………………………………………………………………..4 Diagnostic Criteria……………………………………..4 Important Causal Factors…...…………..….…………..4 Differences Between Diagnosed People...……………..5
Discussion & Conclusion...……………………………………………………………………5
Reflecting on My Own Health………………………………………………………………...6 References……………………………………………………………………………………..8
Introduction Depression is a mental disorder that occurs quite often and everyone probably will or has experienced it in his or her life. Globally, over 300 million people suffer from this disease at this moment. It does not only affect those afflicted, but also their families, and society (WHO, 2017). Depression comes in different forms and types
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First, some forms of major depressive disorder are not included. People do not always seek help when experiencing symptoms of a major depressive disorder and therefore do not get diagnosed. Since there are many different forms of depression it is also possible that the depression is misdiagnosed resulting in exclusions or wrong inclusions in research when conducted with individuals who are diagnosed with a major depressive disorder. The researches conducted giving a questionnaire to, or interviewing an individual might not be completely accurate, since people could lie to come across in a more favorable light or not remember past events accurately. Future research could focus on factors that cause individuals not to seek help, including different age groups or a distinction between men and women. Another focus point could be to find a solution on treatment for a major depressive
Major depressive disorder is described as being a state of severe depression over the course of hours, days or even up to two weeks also complimented by the lack of interest in a great amount of everyday activities. After discovering that environment and income can have a very large impact on major depressive disorder, a question was raised. Is low income a source of this disorder?(Klijs et al., 2016) Is comparing one’s income to the income of others around them a leading factor of this disorder?(Klijs et al., 2016) Then lastly, is it possible that having other health issues such as chronic disease, could lead those with a low income to have a greater possibility of having a major depressive episode.(Klijs et al., 2016)
The DSM classifies an individual with a major depressive disorder as someone who has had at least 5 of the following attributes within the previous two weeks on a near daily basis, and for the majority of each day. Out the below list of attributes, the first two hold significant weight: a depressed mood and a significantly reduced pleasure,
These types includes: clinical depression, bipolar/manic depression, dysthymic disorder as well as postnatal depression (Hypnotherapy-directory, 2016). Depression is not only a single disorder; it has an inclusive amount of clinical concepts including mild mood disturbance which can occur in an anxious person to many lethal medical illnesses. Nonetheless, disorders including psychotic depression, unipolar or other mood disorders would be referred to as clinical depression (Heap 2012). This study will be looking at all the different types as a
Psychologically, major depression can be explained by the mind’s process of interpreting feelings. One could develop major depression after a series of significant losses. These could include things such as the loss a job, the death of a close relative, or even the separation of a significant other. These events can dramatically impact someone’s life thus pushing them into a depressive state. Biologically there are a number of things that contribute to major depressive disorder.
The DSM-5 indicates that individuals who meet the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder must demonstrate five or more symptoms that are present simultaneously for at least a two week period, which are significantly different from their normal functioning, (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2015). DSM-5 diagnostic criteria requires at least one of the symptoms to be depressed mood or the loss of interest in things that were once pleasurable. Research suggests that Major Depressive Disorder is highly recurrent. Many clients, who are diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder, have elevated stress levels that cause them to experience recurrent episodes, (Bos, Bouhuys, Geerts, van Os, & Ormel, 2007; van Loo, Aggen, Gardner, & Kendler, 2014).
The biggest and most hurtful impact that untreated or unnoticed or ignored depression can cause is suicide, “90 percent of children and adolescents who commit suicide have a mental disorder before their death” (Satcher). With help and knowledge of depression and other mental illnesses, suicide rates can go down. It is important to know how to identify signs of depression and stressors, this can lead to getting into treatment (Depression. NAMI). Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses and it affects billions of people around the world. Depression puts a negative impact on individuals life in society and as a whole it is looked down upon in both the book Brave New World and real
While the world starts to recognise the importance of mental health, much remains to be learned about the different facets of mental health. Mood disorders are a few of the escalating concerns regarding mental health. Mood Disorders represents a category of mental disorders in which the underlying problem affects a person’s persistent emotional state or their mood (NIMH, 2010). Mood disorders involve severe mood alterations that are persistent for long periods of time. Mood disorders are diverse in nature and involve two key moods – mania or intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria; and depression which involves feelings of intense sadness and melancholy.
This TedTalk is used to bring attention to depression and make it a discussion for all. Addressing the problem will then help to begin a change in the
Throughout the nation and our world people are suffering from this disease. Depression effects people of both genders, all ages, and any background. The history of mental illness, specifically depression were extremely helpful in today’s treatment and diagnosis. We know that all individuals are different and because of this, we can assume that each case of mental illness, more specifically depression, is unique in its own way as well. One treatment that is very effective for one person may not be equally as effective in a similar case simply because of the differences in patients.
Depression is a major issue in young adults and teenagers. Depression is feelings of severe despondency and dejection. Depression is different for many people, most people explain it as feeling alone, sad, or thing just feel “off” or “wrong”. Depression is very common in people, mostly teens. They show in it many forms of media and books, an example is Looking for Alaska by John Green and Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson.
According to the National Alliance on Mental Health, an estimated of 16 million Americans suffer from depression in today’s society, which is almost 7% of the population. People of all ages and all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds can experience depression. Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest, it affects how you feel, think and behave, and it
The article hints that depression is one of the most compelling diseases challenging human life in the contemporary world. Its prevalence rate is shooting yearly among the young populations. Individuals who encounter depression during their childhood and early adolescence are likely to have persistent depressive disorder during their adulthood. Childhood depression is an issue of significant concern since it challenges the wellbeing and development of children and it may project severe consequences in adolescence and adulthood.
Importance of the problem: Mental issues are very common in the today’s world and many times individuals suffering from mental depression do not get adequate treatment. Mental depression also leads to severe health related issues. WHO in 2001 estimated that nearly 300 million people in the world suffer from depression and also many countries do not have adequate facilities available for detecting and treating
Depression is the most common mental health problem in the elderly and is associated with a significant burden of illness that affects patients, their families, and communities and takes an economic toll as well. For generations, discussion about depression has been taboo. Recently, however, the general population has started talking about depression. Prevalence studies suggest that 14% to 20% of the elderly living in the community experience depressive symptoms, with higher rates among the elderly in hospital (12% to 45%) and even higher rates in long-term care facilities (Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health, 2006).Because of our aging population, it is expected that the number of seniors suffering from depression will increase.
This evidence shows that depression is a serious illness that can lead to suicide. It is estimated that 400 million people in the world suffer from depression and there are about 3,000 reported suicide deaths every day. The World Health Organisation (WHO) predicts that depression will be the second form of health problem after heart disease. The figures