Discussion In this experiment, anthracene and maleic anhydride were reacted in solution to produce a single organic product in crystal form. Anthracene is composed of a 3 carbon rings where the first ring has a 3 pi bonds while the other two has 2. Also, the double bonds are separated by single sigma bonds, which conjugate the double bond. Maleic anhydride has a five-membered ring with ring’s oxygen atoms bonded to two acyl group, ester R-COO. The abundant of esters, which serves as the electron withdrawal group, propels the effectiveness of this reaction. In the present case, the central ring of the anthracene possesses the characteristic properties of a diene, electron-rich, system [1]. Thus, this aromatic compound reacts with the 9 and 10 positions of the maleic anhydride dienophile, electron-poor, by 4 +2 cycloaddition [1]. 9 and 10 are the position of preference because it is where new bonds can be made without destroying the aromatic formation of the other two rings. This reaction results in a six-membered ring bridged on the 9 and 10 positions of anthracene. It is important to point out that this reaction is reversible, it is usually best carried out at the lowest possible temperature consistent. …show more content…
If the theory is considered, the carbonyl substituent can be oriented either directly under the diene to form the endo product or away from the diene to form the exo product. However, in practice, the endo product is the major product [2]. The transition state leading to the endo product allows more interaction between the electron-rich diene and the electron- withdrawing substituent on the dienophile, an energetically favorable arrangement
Results and discussion Stirring of L with 4-methylaniline and 4-methoxyaniline in equimolar proportion in water at room temperature for 72 h without any Lewis acid catalyst gives L.H2O and L respectively (Scheme 1). The yield of L.H2O is 90% and that of L 70%. These are obtained in 60% yield when the reactants are refluxed in water for 14 h. But the yield goes on decreasing when increasingly more refluxing time is used. Earlier Moody et al have [5] studied opening of the epoxide ring in L in connection with their total synthesis of the pentacyclic marine alkaloid ascididemin from 1,10-phenanthroline (phen).
Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.
Literary Analysis Paper Outline This paper will analyze two very different stories: Alice Munro’s Boys and Girls, and Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour. Both stories deal with emotions felt during a major life change. The girl in Boys and Girls is coping with her emotional and physical changes as she goes from a being girl to a young woman.
Ancient Americas People (Tribes &Kings) The three major civilizations in the Americas were the Maya, Inca, and Aztec that existed between 2500 BCE to 1500 CE. The Maya civilization was located in Central America, including South Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. The Incas were located Peru, Bolivia, and Equador. Aztec civilization was located in the valley of Mexico.
Discussion The purpose of this lab was to properly prepare a Grignard reagent from an unknown aryl halide and then to use the prepared Grignard reagent with solid carbon dioxide and an acid quench to form a carboxylic acid. Organometallics are compounds that have a carbon bonded to a metal; C-M, where M is any transition metal. In an organometallic, the carbon has a partial negative charge and is considered electron-rich due to the bond with the positively charged metal. Because of this partial negative charge, the carbon acts as a nucleophile and is able to be used in reactions to produce new bonds between carbon atoms by attaching to another carbon that acts as an electrophile.
Etruscan began in the 1000 and 100 B.C. During, this time Etruscan used Greek style as the base of their work. Etruscan believed in the afterlife, closely related to how Egyptian thought. Although, their afterlife was not told it is unclear on how they believed in the afterlife and what it could do. Just like Egyptian, Etruscans left similar style items along with the person in the afterlife.
Women and men from the 2000’s differ from the women and men of the 1800’s. They play many different roles now than, they did back then. Women and men have always been separated by certain standards until recent times. They have very little to no similarities between the two times in history. Women and men of the 1800’s often played different roles and were treated differently.
Like isoquinoline, quinoline also coupled effectively with substituted benzoyl under identical conditions. The reaction went to completion in 2 h and the desired acyl addition product, 5a, was obtained in 76% yield (Scheme 4, Table 3) A plausible mechanism for the synthesis of an isoquinolin-1-yl-arylmethanone is depicted in Scheme 5. The synthetic cycle is assumed to begin with the reaction of Aliquat 336 as the phase transfer catalysis and K2S2O8 as a dehydrogenative reagent to generate the salt A, which then would convert to the sulfate radical B by heating. Sulfate radical B could react with the benzyl alcohol 1a through a hydrogen abstraction process providing an acyl radical C. Further addition of acyl radical C to the isoquinoline 1a
Dr. Condeiu’s presentation on synthetic organic chemistry was a rewarding experience because he touched on some very important concepts. Not only did he mention many of the things discussed in class in terms of real world examples, but he also brought a human face to being a synthetic organic chemist, and also mentioned several examples of synthetic challenges he has personally faced. Dr. Condeiu showed some real life examples of themes we discussed in class. In particular, I found his example of how stereochemistry is preserved during the hydrolysis of nerve agents intriguing. I also found it interesting that Phosphorus-Oxygen double bonds are common in nerve agents.
Introduction The Etruscan culture derives from Etruria, Italy during the Bronze and Iron Ages with its peak in the sixth century B.C.E. Furthermore, the Etruscans, in conjunction with the Greeks, can be considered to be the first superpowers and influenced Western Mediterranean art and civilizations. The majority of today’s knowledge of Etruscan art comes from burial sites. Scholars believe these individuals placed great importance on the concept of an after-life.
In step 1, the lone pair of electrons on the unionized amino group conducts an intramolecular nucleophilic attack at the β-carbon of the mustard, displacing chloride anion and forming the highly electrophilic aziridinium ion intermediate, a quaternary amine. The carbon atoms of this strained cyclic structure are highly electrophilic due to the strong negative inductive effect of the positively charged nitrogen atom. In step 2, a DNA nucleophile conducts an intermolecular nucleophilic attack, which breaks the aziridine ring and alkylates DNA. Although guanine is the preferred nucleic acid base involved in the alkylation reaction.
1.3. An Overview for the Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrans, Piperidines and Dihydro-γ-pyrone Derivatives To build this class of heterocycles, many strategies have been developed over the years. The most widely used methods are the Prins cyclization, hetero-Diels–Alder (HDA) cyclization, oxonium-ene cyclization, the intramolecular Michael additions and ring-closing metathesis. Other strategies include electrophile-induced cyclizations of non-activated alkenes and Lewis acid promoted cyclizations of epoxy alcohols/amines.
Several protocols were used throughout the extent of the experimentation, such as during the development and purification of the organic complex. In the developmental phase of the organic complex, traditional methods of cycloaddition reactions were studied and analyzed to provide a basic understanding of a possible design for a practical reaction with cyclooctyne, The characteristics of Click Chemistry reactions were also studied and aided the experimental design of this project. The methodology of the experimentation was a slow-addition of cyclooctyne to a refluxing tricarbonyl iron(0) vinylketene complex in distilled hexane and ether. The purpose of this design was to lower the rate of trimerization of cyclooctyne and increase its reactivity
In the process of performing a synthesis that include and aromatic ring there are several characteristics that need to taken into consideration such as, are there any substituents attached to the aromatic ring and if so, the type of substituent is important. Depending on the substituent that is bonded to the aromatic ring affects the position of additional substituents that are added. The substituents that are present on the aromatic ring can be identified as either as activating groups or deactivating groups. Activating groups direct the substituent being added to the ortha or para position, where as the deactivating directs to the meta position (Substituent Effects, n.d). Activating groups are the substituents that act as electron donators;
Introduction Samarium (II) Iodide has emerged in recent times as a very useful reagent in organic synthesis. The compound was first used by Kagan and his researchers in 1977, who published a series of papers in 1980 regarding its uses as a single electron transfer reagent[1]. Since then it has been used widely for an array of reactions, for Carbon-Carbon bond formations such as the Barbier and radical-alkene/alkyne