In “Net (Race) Neutral: An Essay on How GPA + (reweighted) SAT - Race = Diversity,” Christine Goodman illustrates the opposing viewpoints in regards to the racial discriminatory efforts by the college institutions to help diversify the incoming freshman class. With this, Goodman provides statistics and opinions of experts on the matter, which includes comparison of such discriminatory acts against other institutions. To begin, she brings up an enlightening, yet controversial court case decision: Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin (2013). This court case demonstrates significance to this topic because it counteracts a previous court case, Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), which, “upheld diversity as a compelling interest that would justify narrowly …show more content…
I agree with her on many of the key points that she notes in the essay. One of which included diversity being an important aspect of higher education. In my opinion, diversity allows for students to understand other cultures and gain further insight as to how some cultures may differ. Particularly, it is very important to understand why certain people behave a certain way. For example, why do certain Muslim females not look males in the eyes? Why do Jewish people do things right to left? As humans, we tend to judge others of different cultures way too easily, and with further insight, the amount of judgment passed would diminish. Goodman’s credential is very impressive, making everything that she noted credible. She is currently a law professor at Pepperdine University who graduated from Harvard College and Stanford Law College and has written many works that has the overarching theme of diversity and affirmative action. In addition, she is speaking about this as a black woman, which is one of the most disadvantageous role in society, compared to a white male. In the essay, she footnotes around 70 citations, which includes statistics. Her argument is very well structured and persuasive, considering that she looks at the bigger picture of both sides of the issues. Her arguments do not impose any fallacies, as she bases her arguments off of factual information, such as the statistics. Overall, her essay provided very-well crafted information that could be used to affirm or rebut cases involving racial discrimination during the college admissions
Everyday the future in America looks brighter for the issues dealing with race and identity. Brave souls are not letting racism, class discrimination, or sexism hold them back anymore. Furthermore, the fight for a balanced society that pushes for equality is on the horizon. As we close on an era, based on purely the skin of the person, we need to analyze the impacts of the Ethnicity paradigm and Class paradigm on politics of the 20th century. Race and Ethnicity are used interchangeable in everyday conversation, however; they are not the same.
David Leonhardt, an American journalist and columnist, wrote an article published by New York Times, “Make Colleges Diverse,” on the need to enroll more working-class students at elite universities. Universities have implemented a different racial and ethnic student body, but lacked the acceptance of students with low financial status. The financial burden from colleges has discouraged students from achieving their goals at Ivy League schools. David Leonhardt mentions that universities should work with the middle class students of all races. Overall, he uses rhetorical questions, stylistic language, and an informal tone to emphasize the need for colleges to be more diverse starting with the financial status of each person.
Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States founded primarily for the education of African Americans. Prior to the mid-1960s, HBCUs were virtually the only institutions open to African Americans due to the vast majority of predominantly white institutions prohibiting qualified African Americans from acceptance during the time of segregation. As such, they are institutional products of an era of discrimination and socially constructed racism against African Americans (Joseph, 2013). Successfully, millions of students have been educated in spite of limited resources, public contempt, accreditation violations, and legislative issues. The purpose of this research paper is to discuss
The civil rights area of the 1960s is over. Affirmative action policies based on racial quotas or preferences have been struck down by the Supreme Court, yet states have an interest in college admission that are diverse and reflect their general population. The University of Texas finds itself defending policies intended to conform to recent court rulings yet merely mentioning race as a factor in a holistic review has drawn a challenge. The University of Texas process of admissions aligns with Gutter V Bollinger. The facts of this case are in keeping with previous court precedents.
The author Matt Daniels brought some interesting arguments in his essay. Daniels is scholarly because he fought for what he thought was right. He is very credible because he explained how the Anna Todd Jennings Scholarship was dangerously racist and he backed it up by saying how it discriminates against people like African Americans, Latinos, and many more. Every argument that he brought he had facts to back it up. Matt Daniels is not an expert, but he researched, and argued with his friends/family about it, and found every detail in why the scholarship discriminates against people.
First, Gravlee explains the cultural perception of race in the United States and how
In his article “Affirmative Action in Higher Education: Is It Necessary?” , Rodney Reed debates the necessity of affirmative action as a critical measure in the fight against discrimination in higher education. In order to stress this conviction, he does not eschew the usage of strongly biased diction and argument. Firstly, on page 333 Reed states that “in [his] view, affirmative action is a series of positive steps” and that “[his] concern is with Blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans”, where he does not conceal that this is his perspective and not necessarily the truth.
HBCUs and PWIs are both institutions that provide higher education to those seeking it. The real difference behind them stems from race preference. HBCUs are Historically Black Colleges and Universities, while PWIs are Predominantly White Institutions. Historically black colleges were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of primarily serving the African-American community. Predominantly white institution are institutions of higher learning in which Whites account for 50% or greater of the student enrollment.
With all the controversy surrounding the recent Supreme Court decision to end race-based affirmative action in college admissions, attention has been drawn to another form of bias rampant in admissions. Legacy admissions, also known as affirmative action for wealthy and connected students, is an unfair practice that should be banned from the college admission process. Similar to the race-based affirmative action that was recently banned, this practice gives a significant advantage in admissions to students based merely on who the applicants’ family is, which is a type of nepotism. There are arguments on both sides of this issue. The colleges that support legacy admissions seem to do it primarily based on monetary interests.
The reasoning being that when all attention was on caucasians, other ethnicities saw it as discrimination, and if all the attention is on the other ethnicities, that is discriminating the caucasians. When it comes to college acceptance, my family sees the preference given to other ethnicities, genders, and religions as an apology for prior discrimination. For colleges to be completely equal, scholarships shouldn’t be given based upon ethnicity, gender, or religion, but on personal achievements and academic successes. In attempt to regain equality, the United States continues to be biased, favoring certain ethnicities, genders, and religions at the expense of another. After reading the book, my position remains to that of my upbringing, but my mind has been exposed to contrasting opinions.
However, with diversity comes inequalities that people of color face throughout their lives. A particular issue in the United States, specifically in education, is unequal opportunities and treatment in regard to race. Research shows that students from single-parent black families had a high chance of dropping out and participating in illicit behavior (Hallinan 54). While the issue of race is a complicated issue to breach for
According to the dominant theory the affirmative action was firstly introduced to deal with two types of social disruption in the 1960s as campus protests and urban riots in the North. However, this article is based on different theory as dominant theory's empirical evidence is limited. It examines the initial reason for advent of race-conscious affirmative action in 17 undergraduate institutions in the United States. And according to the research this article concludes that there were two waves that contributed to affirmative action: 1) first wave in the early 1960s introduced by northern college administrators 2) second wave in the late 1960s introduced as a response to the protests of campus-based students. This article will help me to establish the main reasons for introduction of race-conscious affirmative action in undergraduate
GAC015 AE#2 Cayla WSMS40901 GAC015 Assessment Event 2: Annotated Bibliography Annotated Bibliography Student’s Name: Cayla Student ID#: WSMS40901 Teacher: Odette Due Date: 9 December 2017 Word Count: 1251 Table of Contents Benefits and Challenges of Diversity in Academic Settings 3
Throughout many of the affirmative action legal cases, one of the main arguments from proponents is that it is necessary in order to right the wrongs of past racial discrimination. Some say that affirmative action is justified because even though white applicants may be more qualified, this is only because they did not face the same hardships as their minority counterparts (Rachels, Ethics, 1973). Many argue if we do not integrate disadvantaged minorities into mainstream social institutions, they will continue to suffer the discrimination that has plagued our country for centuries and that this is detrimental to not only the minorities but also society as a whole (Anderson, 2002, 1270–71). However, the debate has recently shifted to the benefits of diversity in the classroom which the Supreme Court has affirmed as being a positive thing
Consequently, it is easy to state that affirmative action is simply a lazy, unsubstantiated means of accepting more people of color to make university administrations look good. One of the most pressing concerns that we bring up about affirmative action is the “slippery slope” that it opens when allowed. Suddenly, would universities simply view an applicant by skin