Good afternoon
I’m going to start with a couple of questions, if you could raise your hand if you agree
Who has been to the beach?
Who has swam in the ocean?
Has anybody thought recently mmm the ocean if feeling a bit more acidic today?
Ocean acidification may not be noticeable to you when you dive in the water but to marine organisms it is having a huge affect.
So lets clarify what ocean acidification is.
• Ocean acidification is caused through the transfer of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the ocean.
• Research shows that over the past 250 years the amount of carbon dioxide in the earths atmosphere has increased approximately 40%. ocean has absorbed one third of this carbon dioxide which has been caused due to human usages of fossil fuels and deforestation.
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Carbonic acid is a weak acid and so split into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. Bicarbonate ions also further split up into carbonate ions and hydrogen ions.
• The acidity of the water is dependent on hydrogen ions, so as the number of hydrogen ions increases the Ph decreases making the water more acidic.
• Evidence shows that the oceans ph has dropped by 0.1 ph units since pre industrial times.
• It which may not sound like much but this is actually a 30% increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions. The ocean is predicted to have decreased by another 0.3-0.5 units by 2100 from it current ph of 8.1
• Firstly, carbonate ions are used by marine animals such as crabs, lobsters and starfish to form shells and skeletons.
• However, as the concentration of hydrogen ions increases and bond with the available carbonate ions to form bicarbonate
• This means There are less available carbonate ions for animals to create shells and skeletons.
• Scott Doney and his colleagues at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution studied 11 species of which they found that only 2 increased their carbonate building in more acidic
Today I come to you to address the problem of the massive amount of trash collecting in the ocean. People need to understand how much waste they put out every day; the average American puts out 4.4 pounds daily (Citibin). If we do not do something about this, many animals that make habitats in the ocean will die. The sea has already become a graveyard because of the 8 million metric tons of plastic entering the ocean yearly (Ocean Conservancy). As I speak, a giant garbage patch is in our ocean.
What also has been rising is the acidity levels in the ocean, and you might think "oh this is because people take out water from the ocean and just put the extra salt back" but not quite, scienceandpublicpolicy.org states that "The pH of average ocean surface water is 8.1 and has only decreased 0.1 since the beginning of the industrial revolution (neutral is pH 7, acid is below pH 7)", so the acidity level in the ocean hasn 't risen that much since the beginning of the industrial era due to the pH only decreasing by 0.1 which is not as much as you 'd have
In acidic aqueous solution, a buffer is formed by the dissociation of the acid: HA ⇄ H+ + A- Hence, when acid is added, the excess H+ reacts with the A- to form more HA, lowering the pH and minimising the effect of the addition of acid. When alkali is added, the OH- reacts with the dissociated H+ to form water, which reduces the effect of the alkali by restoring the pH to normal levels. Alka Seltzer acts as a buffer because the citrate ions in solution (C6H5O73-) are able to react with H+ when acid is added, to form citric acid, C6H8O7. This neutralises the acid, increasing the pH. The excess HCO3- ions also react with H+ to form CO2 and water, hence lowering the pH and reducing the acidity of the solution. The HCO3- ions also act as a buffer when alkali is added, because they react with OH- to create water and CO32- ions, increasing the pH and reducing the effect of the addiction of alkali.
CLAIRE MUNTING 29/01/2018 Criterion C EFFECTS OF SURFACE AREA OF CALCIUM CARBONATE UPON RATE OF REACTION Calcium Carbonate Chips 1 Introduction: Within the current investigation, the effects of the surface area of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in combination with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) upon its rate of reaction. CaCO3, commonly referred to as limestone, is an organic substance and is, in a sense, the crystallised “carbonic salt” of the element, calcium2. In addition to being a salt, the pH level of Calcium Carbonate is 9.91, and it is therefore, a basic substance, due to the fact that it is comprised of a pH level higher than 7, which is neutral3. HCl, however, is the bodily acid found in the stomach of human beings.
Everyday people buy plastic things from the cafeteria, from plastic containers, lids on cups, and things as small as straws, and like 50% of plastic used it will be thrown away after one use. However, do you ever stop and think, what happens to the plastic? If you’re thinking that it just magically goes away you 're wrong. It will most likely end up in a landfill somewhere or in the ocean, and as you may think that your actions do not impact the world, think again. Everyone in the world has at least used one piece of plastic, adding to the problem of plastic pollution and helping certifying the terrifying statisticc that acooording to the 2018 Earth day video, “by 2050 there will more plastic in the ocean than fish”, which almost is impossible to think of.
A. There are other ways also that affects the ocean through global warming. Plenty of things that are happening to the ocean are associated to global warming. One important thing is warm water which is caused from global warming and it is harming and killing algae in the
1. 90-100 million tons are killed and wiped off the planet each year. Consisting of some of the most beautiful creatures on the planet. Fish are a primary food source to 3.5 billion people worldwide and the depletion of the species is leaving millions of people hungry. Over fishing is a huge problem that needs to be stopped.
Modern human life is polluting the world. The products that make our life livable, are a big threat to the oceans. Even places that are untouched by mankind, are experiencing the effects of pollution. Entire populations of fish species are being wiped out by overfishing, not even mentioning the species caught as bycatch. The oceans suffer a lot from pollution as well.
Karin 20/08/2014 English 8A Nearly everyday in our lives, we see banners, magazines, newspapers, as well as posters telling us to be environmental friendly and to stop pollution. But do people listen to the advices? Do people realize that pollution is one of the biggest global killers? Pollution is the number 1 cause of death in the developing world; it kills approximately 10 million people every year. It’s hard to tell when and where pollution began.
Each summer getting hotter, and each winter less white than the year before. The rest of the world is slowly turning into Florida, and Florida turning into the fiery pits of hell. What I describe to you is global warming, and to those who find it to be a fictitious liberal scheme, I advise you to tell that to the ice caps, as soon as you find one still frozen. Including the rising of both temperatures and sea levels, global warming is the partial cause of these disastrous hurricanes we saw this past year, including Irma, the category 5 hurricane that destroyed my sleeping schedule with its ‘1 week off from school’ force winds and ‘mile long lines at Walmart’ downpours.
The topic of this research paper will cover over Ocean Acidification and the effects on marine ecosystems. Ocean acidification is the decrease in pH levels of the Earth 's oceans, due to overbearing carbon dioxide being brought by the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is drawn by seawater, where the chemical reactions take place, which minimize the pH levels in the ocean, the carbonate levels and the important calcium carbonate which these sea creatures need. When carbon dioxide disperses in this ocean, it causes the levels of acidity to rise towards the the surface, where most shell growth in marine animals have been stopped and has created the cause of reproductive disorders in multiple fish. Part of the problem with ocean acidification is human activity.
Topic: Water Shortage Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about water shortage and how to cope with water scarcity Thesis Statement: Across the globe, reports reveal huge areas in crisis as reservoirs and aquifers dry up. I. INTRODUCTION A. Turning off the water while brushing their teeth, a family could save about 5 to 10 gallons of water per day. B. Freshwater shortage will cause the next great global crisis.
The earth, our earth, once used to be a healthy environment, with no pollution or destruction. Not until humans began creating advanced technology and other inventions that started to affect the way we live. As humans we thought these inventions would just make life easier for us and we don’t mean to harm the planet. We are all trying to help the planet but at the same time, destroying it.