Title
The purpose of this experiment was to test the reaction rate of an enzyme in various temperatures to further learn what such enzyme’s (phosphatase) optimum temperature is. By learning what the optimum temperature is, we can hypothesize what type of environment the specimen in which the enzyme was isolated from lives in. In this experiment, therefore, the independent variable was the temperature in which the reactions took place. The dependent variable was the rate of the reactions measured by the light absorbance of the product (p-nitrophenol). The control treatments of the experiment were pH levels and substrate concentration. Each test tube was given 1mL of 5.33mM p-nitrophenol phosphate (the substrate) and 1mL of pH 4.5 citrate buffer. After an incubation of 5 minutes in their respective temperatures, 1mL of 0.03mg/mL phosphatase was added and the tubes were incubated again in their respective temperatures for 15 minutes. The substrate concentration was measured by light absorbance using a spectrophotometer at an absorbance of 410nm.
Results
…show more content…
Reaction rate in the highest tested temperature, 71oC, were much lower than that of its preceding temperature, 52oC. Otherwise, there was a steady increase in the reaction rate for phosphatase as temperature went up. The peak of reaction rate with the given temperatures was in fact 52oC. Figure 1.1 The effects of temperature on reaction rate. The reaction rate of the enzyme phosphatase as it performed in various temperatures, increasing approximately by 20oC, starting at 0o and ending at 71o. Each point represents the mean concentration of product (p-nitrophenol) in each variable divided by the reaction time of 15 minutes.
Nevertheless, the effects caused by the breakage of bonds will eventually lead to a decrease in the rate of reaction. As seen in the data, the reaction rate increased from 0.088 to 0.101 throughout the interval of -5℃ to 20℃ then decreased to 0.037 throughout the interval 20℃ to 56℃. This can be explained by the fact that 20℃ is the optimal temperature, therefore the active site of the enzyme is complementary to the substrate, causing the rate of reaction to be
Title: Enzymes Abstract: Enzymes can catalyze chemical reactions by speeding up the chemicals activation energy. Temperature and pH are just two of the factors that affects enzymes and their involvement with chemicals and the way they function. Throughout this experiment, we conducted a study on peroxidase, which is an enzyme. The following information consist of the recordings of when it was exposed to four different pH levels to come up with an optimum pH and IRV at the end. Introduction: Enzymes are proteins that are used in reactions in living organisms.
It was hypothesized that the optimal pH for the enzyme was pH 7 while the 1.0 ml peroxidase would have the best reaction rate. At the end of the experiment the results prove the hypothesis to be incorrect. INTRODUCTION Enzymes are proteins that allow a reaction to speed up. These proteins are made up of monomers known as amino acids.
As with all proteins, the enzyme has a 3D shape that is effected by the enzymes environment in many ways. Temperature is one of the major factors in an enzymes environment, when it is in its most suited environment it will function at its full potential. Changing that environment
Although it was expected for water to be the optimal pH, it was also assumed that more drastic activity would happen with the other pH’s. For example, it was thought that it would still have some noticeable increase; however, when looking at the data and the graph, the numbers oscillate with no noticeable positive or negative trend. Tables 1 and 2 show that the absorbance rate in comparison to the absorbance rate in Table 3 are significantly smaller. Furthermore, after calculating the processed data for reaction rates and looking at the graph, pH 7 water had the highest rate. This experiment gives a good insight for future references about enzymes and the effect of environmental factors and its functions.
The effect of pH on the speed of enzyme interaction with substrate chemicals Hypothesis: About pH: If the pH level is less than 5, then the speed of the enzyme reaction will be slower. About temperature: If the temperature stays the same, then the speed of the enzyme reaction will not be completely affected. Background information: The function of enzymes is to speed up the biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, they do this by colliding with the substrate.
purpose the propose of this experiment was too see if the chemical reaction of a enzyme can be made faster. Hypothesis I think that a warm environment would be best to make an enzyme’s reaction faster. because a protein can move faster in heat.
LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Natalie Banc Instructor: Elizabeth Kraske Date: 09.26.2016 Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 50 °C (122 °F) 3.
LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Natalie Banc Instructor: Elizabeth Kraske Date: 09.22.2016 Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 50 °C (122 °F) 3. Sucrase activity increases with increasing sucrose concentration Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity 1. Dependent Variable amount of product (glucose and fructose) produced 2.
These factors include the pH and the temperature of the solution (1). Most enzymes have a preferred temperature and pH range (2). The preferred temperature for catalase falls between the ranges of thirty five to fifty degrees Celsius (4). Temperatures that are too high denature the enzyme and halt the enzyme’s activity (2). Catalase denatures starts to denature at fifty five degrees Celsius (2).
These enzymes have a secondary and tertiary structure and this could be affected by increases and decreases in temperature beyond the optimum temperature of the enzyme to work in. Mostly enzymes are highly affected any changes in temperature beyond the enzymes optimum. There are too
Introduction 1.1 Aim: To determine the kinetic parameters, Vmax and Km, of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme through the determination of the optimum pH and temperature. 1.2 Theory and Principles (General Background): Enzymes are highly specific protein catalysts that are utilised in chemical reactions in biological systems.1 Enzymes, being catalysts, decrease the activation energy required to convert substrates to products. They do this by attaching to the substrate to form an intermediate; the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme. Then, another or the same enzyme reacts with the intermediate to form the final product.2 The rate of enzyme-catalysed reactions is influenced by different environmental conditions, such as: concentration
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the experiments for week 5 and week 6 support each other in the further understanding of enzyme reactions. During week 5, the effects of a substrate and enzyme concentration on enzyme reaction rate was observed. Week 6, the effects of temperature and inhibitor on a reaction rate were monitored. For testing the effects of concentrations, we needed to use the table that was used in week 3, Cells.
In the time it took for the enzyme to break up 0.23 grams of egg white at the temperature of 40 degrees, it broke down nearly three times as much in a temperature of 65 degrees. We can see from the graph that the hotter the water bath was the more egg white protein were broken down (because some of the test pieces gained mass, the graph shows the largest LOSS in mass in negatives to distinguish the difference between gaining and losing mass, so if the graph shows negative this indicates the largest loss of mass). Looking back at my hypothesis we can see that it was not correct although some of the predictions were more accurate than others. I predicted that the enzyme would work best in the two middle temperatures as they were the closest to core body temperature. looking at my results from the experiment we can clearly see that this was not true, but instead the two lower temperatures of 4 and 21 degrees Celsius showed a gain in mass while both higher temperatures of 40 and 65 degrees Celsius clearly indicate the breaking down of the particles as their is a clear decline of mass.
Introduction The goal of the experiment is to examine how the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium thiosulphate is affected by altering the concentrations. The concentration of Sodium thiosulfate will be altered by adding deionised water and decreasing the amount of Sodium thiosulphate. Once the Sodium thiosulphate has been tested several times. The effect of concentration on the rate of reaction can be examined in this experiment.