Compare and contrast three psychological perspectives. Perspective is the way of viewing phenomena. It is also called “school of thoughts or psychological approaches”. It has multiple perspectives included Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic and Cognitive. However in this assignment i would be compare and contrasting three psychological perspectives. And the three perspectives i would be discussing in the paper will be: What is Behaviorism? this perspective mostly differs from other approaches because it views that both people and animals are controlled by their environment and specifically that we are the result of what we have learned from our environment. in other words, that it is shaped by our experience. Behaviorism is …show more content…
Ivan Pavlov, best known for classical conditioning. B.F. Skinner who was known for operant conditioning and Edward Thorndike, known for the law of effect. What is Humanistic psychology? This approach underscores the study of the whole person. Humanistic psychologists observe the human behavior, not only through the eyes of the observer, but also through the eyes of the person behaving. Sometimes this approach is called phenomenological because personality is studied from the point of view of the individual’s subjective experience. Abraham Maslow can be regarded as the father of humanistic psychology. In the 1960's, his ideas were considered as ridiculous whereas today they are highly regarded and considered important across so many different areas. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs presents the image of the individual having the ability to reach a level of self-actualization which is the highest form that an individual can achieve. Maslow used the terms physiological, safety, belonging and love, esteem, self-actualization, and self-transcendence to describe the pattern that human motivations in the main move
1. After reviewing the discussion resources, list three things you learned from them and explain why they are important. According to Statistics & Reports (2016), “Every three days in Arizona, someone dies in a domestic violence related incident” (para 1). This information is important to know so that one can understand how devastating domestic violence is in our state.
Maya Grove Brian Hamlett AP Psychology. P5 May 19, 2023 American Psycho Hollywood has attempted to depict psychopaths through documentaries, horror movies, and even comedies, yet they often blur the lines between different psychological disorders and misrepresent their characters. However, this did not hinder the success of the famous “cult classic” American Psycho.
Michael Stevens Mrs. Spritzer Honors English 12 (date of turn in) Love and Belonging in Frankenstein In 1943, Abraham Maslow revolutionized the behavioral sciences scene with his Hierarchy of Needs, a theory of human motivation. The theory comprises a five-tiered pyramid with physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization from the bottom to the top. Maslow believed that to obtain self-actualization one must complete the stages in order, fully fulfilling one before moving to the next stage.
(Page 8 &9) 9. A: A. The Humanistic Perspective is a school that believes, unlike the Psychodynamic Perspective, that the study of psychology should focus in on only the conscious experiences. They believe that we should only study and read into the behaviors that we can see, even if they can’t be measured. (Page 9 & 10)
Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud is the founder. This theory is about human nature and behavior; of how the unconscious mind affects human behavior. Also focuses on the treatments of psychological problems. Humanistic Psychology – Famous Humanists are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
Chapter 4 covered anxiety, phobias and obsessive compulsive disorders. Anxiety, fear and phobias are normal human emotions that in most respects are used to keep us safe by influencing us to avoid potentially dangerous situations. It is only when our emotions are not in proportion to the reality of the situation that our fears, obsessions and anxiety become pathological. It is very easy for me to see how an otherwise healthy individual could develop generalized anxiety disorder in today’s society. There is just so much to be legitimately concerned with such as the economy, the high cost of health care and war (such as the war on terrorism).
Behaviourism The behaviourism theory is based on human and animal behaviour being shaped by conditioning and environmental factors. Behaviourists believe that unusual behaviours are caused by a person not adjusting adequately or appropriately to the environment or situation and learning or accidentally learning this response from the start. Behaviour therapy, aversions therapy and shaping are used as an intervention to change the persons response and make the responses more adaptive. The use of positive reinforcement is a can be very effective in changing a person or animals behaviour.
Maslow has conceptualized both our physiological and psychological motives as different classes of needs to which we assign different levels of priority. These different classes form a hierarchy of needs, in which the lower- level needs have the first priority (Maslow, 1970). And it is usually presented as a pyramid, as show in Figure A. Also, Maslow
The theory is that behaviour is determined by the external environment. It is a part of psychology that is not related to the study of consciousness instead the study of behaviour within itself. Behavioural theory was founded and influenced in the early 20th century by John B Watson, Ivan Pavlov and BF Skinner. John Watson theorized classical behaviourism which is the objective study of behaviour. Ivan Pavlov theorized classical conditioning where in an experiment dogs associated food with the arrival of the laboratory assistant through learned behaviour through an external stimulus.
This was in stark contrast to behaviorists who believed that behavior was the product of the environment and its consequences
Whereas, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs were also divided into different stages from the physiological needs, safety needs, love or belongings, esteem and then to the stage of self-actualization (Maslow,
According to Wagner, humanistic approach is primarily a reaction to the two major views of humanity which are the Freudian perspective and the behavioral perspective thus humanitaristic approach is the “third force”. Humanistic approach highly gives emphasis to the individual that learning how to learn is more important than acquiring factual knowledge. Teachers can play their role in helping the students how to learn and their thinking gives emphasis rather than teachers’ teaching determination.
HUMANISTIC The humanistic psychology beginning with the existential assumption that phenomenology is that people are at the center and they have free will. Personal agency is the humanistic term for the exercise of free will and personal agency refer to the choice we make in life and also the paths that we go down and the consequences that we face. There is two humanistic psychological perspectives that i will be discussing though this part of the assignment is carl rogers and maslow. Both of the theories are well known theories that look into the holistic approaches of personal growth and fulfillment of life of a basic human motive.
Humanistic psychology views humans as holistic individuals capable of determining their own behaviors and goals. Four fundamental Assumptions: 1. All humans have free will and not all behavior is determined by unconscious forces or stimulus response. They can make conscious choices and decisions. They can change their action and environment for their own personal improvement.
With the aid of the two counseling theories, Roger’s personality theory and Adlerian personality theory, I managed to make a personal self-reflection on my values, attitudes, beliefs and how became who am I today. I certainly have an affinity for humanistic approach because it emphasized that every person has their own unique way to perceive and make sense of world. It also focused more understanding people’s subjectivity. The theory under humanistic approach that helped to reflect and gain insight about myself is Carl Roger’s personality theory. The reason I chose this theory because I feel it holds true to my personality development compared and I like his concept and emphasis on the importance of the self-actualizing tendency in shaping human personalities.