Social and economic disparities within the Cincinnati and Detroit communities led to civil unrest and riots. Although Detroit had a vast African American middle class, jobs weren’t abundant. Impoverishment caused racial stereotyping that infected the police department. In the summer of 1967, Detroit experienced five days of chaos including flames, looting, and deaths. Similarly, downtown Cincinnati in 2001 endured high-tension rioting from alleged police brutality and racial profiling. Vandalizing, stealing, and disputing erupted in Over-the-Rhine for four days. Ultimately, inequality present in Detroit and Cincinnati led to social despair and some of the worst riots in U.S. history. John Hersey’s true crime novel, The Algiers Motel Incident, …show more content…
One mile southeast from where the riots began, some African American teenagers were playing with a starter gun. Upon hearing the shots, National Guardsmen reported sounds of a sniper gun and several policemen showed up shortly after. Almost immediately after arriving, the policemen stormed the motel where they first encountered a 17 year-old African American teenager, Carl Cooper. Without questioning, the policemen shot down Cooper killing him instantly. Another group of officers stormed through the back door where they confronted Fred Temple, 18, and initially shot Temple to death. Continuing, the officers went floor-to-floor searching for a nonexistent sniper. After the failed search, the policemen gathered the seven residents downstairs and lined them up. “Foreshadowing the gruesome ‘game’ to come,” writes Hersey, “the officers began to take people from the line, one by one, into rooms, for what might have been called—and might strictly not—questionings” (264). The officers began an aggressive interrogation that consisted of pistol whipping. One of the survivors, Lee Forsythe, told Hersey that the policeman, Robert Paille, “started questioning us, asking us where the gun was.” Forsythe continued, “And I kept telling him I didn’t know, so he pulled me out of the line and took me into A-4, I think it was, and began beating me and …show more content…
Dan Aldridge, a young black nationalist stated, “Black people are telling white judges, white juries, and white newspapers that we are ‘hip’ to your tricks”. Aldridge went on to say, “that Carl Cooper, Auburey Pollard, and Fred Temple have not died in vain. Their deaths have been the signal that flashes injustice in America,” (351). Moreover, the fact that Carl Cooper and Fred Temple were killed at first site depicts the officers’ racial distrust towards the two African American
Author Barbara Smith addresses the events that evolved in the city of Los Angeles on March 3, 1991, regarding police brutality towards a black man Rodney King, before handcuffing King after a high-speed chase. Across the nation resonated a shock wave of unbelieve as the police officers involved were acquitted which sparked a violent movement in the local community (39). Barbara Smith took the opportunity to provide a rhetorical response in her book titled, “The Truth That Never Hurts” (42). Barbara Smith’s writings in an excerpt from her book describe similar factual events of violence and oppression through history, in our nation, that has left a residue of incivility, her response is verbal as she speaks through her written text. A myriad
On the morning of August 23, Officers Rufus Daniels and Lee Sparks who are known for their brutal treatment of blacks throughout Houston, assaulted and dragged a partial clothed black women out of her home in front of her five children (Holley). Both Daniels and Sparks accused the woman of hiding a dice player-which whom they were looking for in the neighborhood- in her home. At the time Houston had the largest black community in the state of Texas, with a police force that was particularly aggressive towards black people. During the altercation Alonso Edwards, a soldier from the 24th Infantry tried to intervene and help the woman, but was beaten and arrested too (Gray). Corporal Charles Baltimore, a military policeman from the 3rd Battalion took it upon himself to investigate the arrest of
The Tulsa Race Riot was the destruction of Black Wall Street in 1921, which was caused by an allegation of a white woman accusing a black man of rape. It lasted from May 31st to June 1st. The Tulsa Race Riot caused plenty of damage from “dozens of deaths [and] hundreds of injuries” to the destruction of Black Wall Street leading to unemployment of the black community (Hoberock n. pag.). An estimated property loss was over $2.3 million. This was an important event in our Nation’s history because “it teaches how far hatred [and violence] can go” (Hoberock n. pag.).
These events marked by both a repetition of struggles and oppression perpetrated by the United Auto Workers Union at the beginning of the decade. The repetition of struggles and oppression of the early conflict between the union and African American workers is obvious in the union’s attempt to contain activity by not helping those who participated in the wildcat strikes. The Detroit riots came as a shock to those who didn’t live in the area and experience the woes of black workers during this time. However, those who did experience this prejudice and oppression, foresaw an inevitable uproar, perhaps of lesser magnitude (Loury).
Ultimately, their basic duty was keeping the color line intact. The book describes what the city of Detroit went through as “turf wars”. Keeping the blacks away from the whites. Galster points out that the “local government in Greater Detroit, on behalf of their white citizens, employed several techniques to main the color line, including zoning, occupancy restrictions, and harassment” (Galster, 2012).
The focus of this study is on the 1921 Tulsa, Oklahoma race riot. Although there was a major impact on the entire community, this paper will only focus on the riot’s impact on the “black” community and the local government’s actions in response to the impact. I will evaluate the extent of which the local government’s response to the race riot of 1921 increased the negative effects on the black community. I will compare the records the Red Cross, the National Guard, and other groups to find consistency between the recorded death tolls and other relevant information. Then, I will compare an interview with Olivia Hooker, a survivor of the riot, to online sources to better understand the social climate which the local government was operating
De jure segregation in the United States started to decline with the Brown vs Board Of Education Supreme Court ruling in the 1950s, and continued to decline through the actions of Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and others who protested against the system in hopes of being heard. But even with the passing of the Voting Rights Act and the Civil Rights Act in the 1960s, segregation is still a prevalent force in today’s society. De facto segregation is still felt today, with riots occurring within the past ten years in Ferguson and in Baltimore, predominantly due to police brutality and income inequality. These riots, coupled with actions such as the unjustified killing of Trayvon Martin and the murder of Eric Garner while in police custody, help to show that where we are today is no better than the racist times of de facto segregation and Jim Crow. When events like these occur in today’s
“Long, hot summers” of rioting arose and many supporters of the African American movement were assassinated. However, these movements that mused stay ingrained in America’s history and pave way for an issue that continues to be the center of
The increased migration of African-Americans to northern cities because of the decline in agricultural opportunities in the South and later for the war effort caused increased racial tension and riots as the black population had more of a presence in the close proximity of the urban environment. The worst riot during the war was in Detroit during the summer of 1943 where a fight broke out in Belle Isle Park between black and white men. Rumors of the fight and of rape spread and with it the riot did as well lasting for four days with 25 African-Americans and 5 whites dead and two million dollars of property damage occurring. Riots were obviously terrible occurrences but by occurring during war time when the government was most aware of domestic discontent that could harm the war effort, the riots acted as
We learned that over the last 40 years the police department of the City of Miami and Miami- Dade County have experienced their share of civil disturbances. To illustrate, there have four cases of race riots between both police departments which led to innovation to be involved in their pursuits to better their responses. These were the race riots in 1968, the Liberty City Riot, 1980, the McDuffie Riot, 1982 Luis Alvarez Riots, and 1989 Loranzo Riots within the Liberty City over town areas. However, the article stated that these riots were resulted by either police shooting of young black men, or thanks to the federal government the deporting of a young Cuban boy. Thus, it was not until the civil arrest of the 1980’s McDuffie Riot which seemed
The truth is no one regardless of race deserves to be mistreated by the police. The reality is that citizens did not merely prefer to live in neighborhoods with poverty-stricken housing arrangements, underperforming schools, substructures that are collapsing by the minute, few grocery stores that provide healthy options, and proper medical care. There were many factors that shaped those neighborhoods such as white departure, the black breakout of wealthier black citizens, no investment within the community, slack business loaning systems and government strategies that are allocating groundwork and public transport to certain parts of cities and not others locations. The people that are living in those communities, even at times stuck in those communities make decisions that are not the best for them or those connected to them. These decisions are made within that environment for the sake of survival.
Decades of racial discrimination, insufficient urban planning, and unsuccessful labor policy left African-Americans disportionately unemployed and situated in ghettos across the United States. (Hahn 25) The lack of opportunity led a number of individuals within those communities to join gangs to secure income, social status, and protection. (Hahn 25) Instead of integrating these individuals into the “prosperous mainstream,” the police has separated and trapped minorities within these communities.(Hahn 25)Working with the desperate, angry,and wronged communities daily paired with racist social beliefs led to racial generalizations by cops. (Hahn 25)
Throughout African American history , the police force has been accountable for numerous detrimental deaths in the African American community due to racial discrimination. In 1960s, African American protesters were targeted by the police force because of the their desire to be be deemed as equal. Likewise, in today’s society African Americans are still experiencing active racial discrimination and injustices from the police force. African Americans have expressed their level of frustration with the inhumane actions of the police force. Police brutality of African American protesters has been rebirthed into 21st century by ongoing racial injustices through Henry Louis Gates Jr. and victims of the detrimental equality marches , evidence is presented.
After the Rodney King issue with the police, the people of Los Angeles began to wreak havoc upon the streets. The buildings surrounded by flames felt like I was cooking sweet, juicy bacon over the stove; but the only things that were burning was our sense of humanity. Back in August of ‘91, Melvin and I began to feel famished. Our stomachs were rumbling so much that it seemed like they were talking to each other.
In Mark Bauerlein’s, Negrophobia: A Race Riot in Atlanta, 1906, the political and social events leading to the riot are analyzed. The center of events took place around and inside Atlanta in the early 1900’s. The riot broke out on the evening of September 22, 1906. Prior to the riot in 1906, elections were being held for a new Georgia governor. Bauerlein organizes his book in chronological order to effectively recount the events that led to the riot.