1951, Henrietta Lacks learned that she had cervical cancer, from which she passed away from at the age of 31. Without the consent of Henrietta or her family, tissue was taken from her body and virtually made immortal at Johns Hopkins. For years, scientists had been trying to breed a cell line on which the medical industry could test in ways that they couldn’t do with the living. Henrietta Lacks was the key that unlocked the door, leading to decades of medical advancements, including helping cure polio, influenza, many other diseases. Her cells even went to space. Just about everyone was profiting from HeLa cells except her own family. Throughout the book we can follow the interesting stories of Henrietta’s children and the scientist who worked with HeLa cells. Many ethical questions were raised and we can engage in the argument that the author poses. Is consent from patients’ necessary to proceed with testing on patients who are unaware of the procedures being done on them? Researches at Hopkins, frequently performed test on their patients, for example injecting them with cancerous cells to see how their bodies would react. Since they saw nothing wrong doctors …show more content…
Back in the day doctors believed that non-doctors could never understand since they didn’t go to college or medical school. In result doctors never explained to patient’s their procedures, and they weren’t forced to by any law. Hopkins was one of the few hospitals that treated black patients. The Lack’s and poor uneducated black families went to Hopkins and put all their faith in the doctors. They had no idea that they were being experimented on. Doctors thought, since patients were receiving quality treatment they thought it was okay to experiment on them in return. The doctors at Hopkins took advantage of their patients because they knew they were uneducated and they wanted to advance their personal
Moral code and medical ethics are an essential theme throughout “The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks,” especially concerning the distinction between the right and wrong decisions that were made during the period after Henrietta’s death. Many of the journalists, and some of the doctors and medical researchers lacked the moral code to let Henrietta and her family know of their findings of the HeLa cell, which lead to significantly changing the code of ethics in medicine. Since Henrietta was dead, many researchers and doctors were unaware they were still breaking her confidentiality, and the Lacks family’s confidentiality also becomes an afterthought. Rebecca Skloot says, “It wasn’t illegal for a journalist to publish medical information given
In 1951 Henrietta went to John Hopkins hospital to help her overcome the cancer with radiation treatments. While she was going in for treatments and checkups her doctor took some tissue from her tumor in her cervix and sent it to lab to be research, none of this she told Henrietta that he was doing. In lab Henrietta’s cell grew in culture and actually stayed alive, unlike any other cells they tried to culture. This cells were called “Immortal” because they grew so fast and to such a huge amount that they could separate them and send them to all different doctors for their own research. They were eventually named HeLa cells, from the first two letters of Henrietta and the first two letter of Lacks (History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places/ Smithsonian).
When removed during her biopsy and then cultured without her permission, her cells began to reproduce rapidly and require more and more culture medium to consume as they grew. They thrived in the lab and they were the first human cells ever in history to do so. Meanwhile, Henrietta, 31, African-American, and a mother of five, continued enduring painful and damaging radiation treatment in the hospital’s “colored only” ward. After Henrietta’s death, her cells, named HeLa after the first two letters of both her names, went on to become a celebrity of virology, benefiting more people than will ever be truly realized. Scientists have grown about 50 million metric tons of her cells, helped sustain and build thousands of careers, and tens of thousands of scientific
Within the novel The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks written by Rebecca Skloot, Lacks and her family face many adversities. One adversity major mistreatment of Henrietta is while she's in the care of Dr. Gey. During her struggles Dr. Gey was removing tissue samples without informing Lacks his full intentions which was very wrong, but the arrival of Henrietta's cells proved to be vital in the advancement of the Science and medical fields. A sudden boom of new scientific research, and medical breakthroughs were now within in reach. One example of a major solution solved by HeLa cells was the expense of culturing cells, before Scientist would have to kill monkeys to obtain cells in order to run neutralization tests, this proved to be costly and
Although many are unaware of it, scientific ethics have always been a major issue, especially in the United States. This was especially the case of Henrietta Lacks and her family through the early 1950s to present day. Henrietta Lacks hurried into John Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland to find out why there was a lump on her cervix. When doctors diagnosed her with cervical cancer, she filled out a form giving consent to let the doctors perform any surgery they deemed necessary. Soon after Henrietta died in October of 1951, her husband, David (Day) Lacks, signed a consent form to let them perform an autopsy on her corpse.
Maybe figure out how to duplicate the cells and use it for other drugs that can help people heal better. All through this research and testing Henrietta was left in the dark she didn’t even know that the doctors removed a piece of her cervix for research purposes. She didn’t even receive credit for her cells until much much later. No one knew about the HeLa cells except for the doctors because they were trying to keep it a secret so their project wouldn’t get shutdown by not informing the patient that they’re using their cells. Some would say that the doctors did the right thing and kept the identity of the cells disclosed because later on it led to saving so many lives.
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is a book that includes her biography, then her childhood to her tragic death; the story of her family over various decades; Skloot’s research and her relationship with the Lacks family, especially Deborah; and the story of the HeLa cells. Henrietta Lacks was known by scientists as HeLa was a poor black tobacco farmer whose cells were taken without her knowledge in 1951, and then became one of the most important tools in medicine. They were necessary for the development of the polio vaccine, cloning, and much more scientific developments. A doctor at Johns Hopkins took a piece of her tumor without her consent and then sent it down to scientists who been trying to grow tissues in culture for decades. Henrietta's
In the nineteenth and twentieth century new ideas of science were being put in place to help treat different diseases. Scientist did not know about how the human body operated and what caused certain illnesses, so they needed subjects to test in order to diagnose illnesses. In the book, Night Doctor’s, Skloot communicates to an African-American family to gain insight on an individual who contributed largely to research. Henrietta Lacks had cancer and the doctors noticed that there was something special about her cells. Henrietta died and they took her cells to help treat blindness, polio, and learn about cancer.
I believe that the family members should have a say whether or not they have ownership of the cells. Henrietta Lacks’ consent was taken away from her, and so the next best case is to allow the family members to decide whether or not they give consent to the HeLa cells. Similar to the rule-utilitarian, if we were to disregard this case of informed consent, then what’s not to say we can violate someone else’s informed consent for another justifiable reason? This would lead to a slippery slope that could increase the lack of informed consents for patients. However, I, at the same time, understand that this is a very unique case and the cells are doing much more good than harm.
The exponential growth of Henrietta's cells allowed scientists to “perform experiments that would have been impossible with a living human” (Skloot pg. 58). In hoping to find a cure for cancer, they exposed the cells to a vast number of chemicals, drugs and toxins. Scientists used HeLa to test Polio vaccines, eventually saving millions. The cells allowed scientists to discover that humans had 46 chromosomes, and was used in early cloning efforts.
Dr. Gey took the sample from Henrietta and submitted it to the lab even though it was a tedious task. If the cells he sent in had died, they would have been disposed and a new sample would begin testing. Henrietta would have never known about the sample and no one would have even spoken about her cells again; but her cells were special. Casuistry is the case approach to ethics; decisions are made based on prior cases. Nothing like the HeLa cell was ever discovered, therefore there was nothing to guide how the discovery should have been handled.
What would you do if a doctor took your cells without consent and shortly after, your cells went viral, being sent all over the world to millions of different scientists? Well, I can’t say that Henrietta Lacks lived through this, but I can say that her cells did. Bioethics, the ethics of medical and biological research, has been a controversial issue throughout the U.S. for years. Different laws have been formalized to help tame the fire on the topic of consent and mortality. In the year of 1951, Henrietta Lacks was diagnosed with cervical cancer and had too many tumors to count inside her rotting body.
Jasmine Poole The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot is about a women who has cervical cancer that went to the doctor to get better. But instead of just getting better, the doctors took a sample of the cancer cells. The doctor used her cells to help other people with the same cancer get better. In this case, Henrietta and her family didn’t know that her cells were being sold all around the world to reporters/doctors.
In 1951, at the age of 31 Henrietta Lacks was diagnosed with cervical cancer. Henrietta was under treatment at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, where cells from her malignant tumor were removed. Neither Henrietta nor any of her family members knew about the tissue sample and nor did the Hopkins ever informed them of the situation. Unfortunately after Henrietta’s radiation treatment, her condition continued to worsen and soon she lost her battle to cancer on octomber 4th 1951. Henriettas cells left the Hopkins what they discovered to be known to be the first immortal human cell line.
30year old Henrietta Lacks underwent radiation treatment for cervical cancer at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore In 1951. During her treatment, George Gey the surgeon who performed the procedure removed pieces of her cervix without her knowledge and sent them to a lab. Her cells were used to develop the polio vaccine, used in the first space missions to see what would happen to human cells in zero gravity. Henrietta’s cells were the first human cells ever cloned, some of the first genes ever mapped. They have been used to create some of our most important cancer