Abstract
This paper focuses on person-centered therapy. Person-centered therapy is an approach to help individuals develop a sense of self. This therapy is different from others as the client is responsible for improving his own life, not the therapist. However, it is important for the therapist to create a conducive environment for the client so that the client feels safe and secure and will be at ease to share problems or issues during therapy sessions. Three core conditions that will aid the therapist in doing so is being congruent, having unconditional positive regard and being emphatic. This paper explores the effectiveness of person-centered therapy in creating therapeutic alliance. It also explores the necessary conditions for constructive personality change to occur, exist and continue over a period of time as well as the personal characteristics that are most important for a person-centered therapist to be genuine and lastly the personal characteristics of the writer, which might assist or hinder ability to work with clients effectively.
INTRODUCTION
A Discussion of Person-Centered Therapy
Person-centered therapy according to (Mearns & Thorne, 1999, p. 5) is the aim of helping a client to undo the ‘personal theory’, which he had formed through his
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Therapists must access their own internal process such as their feelings, attitudes and moods. Therapists’, who are not receptive to the awareness of their flow of thoughts and feelings, will not be able to help clients be aware of theirs (Kahn, 1997, p. 40). Though congruence does not mean that therapists have to share personal issues with clients, a therapist must not conceal their inner process from the client, and not be defensive but transparent (Kahn, 1997, p. 41). By being open sometimes a therapist learns more not only about their client but about themselves
Therapist met with the client for individual therapy at school. Therapist did a check in regards to symptoms, mood, thoughts, emotions, coping skills, the goals that he achieved, and behaviors since the last session. Therapist processed the client's negative thoughts. Therapist used open-ended questions to address any concerns the client may have. Therapist encouraged the client to keep motivated during the stressful time, especially when he has negative thoughts, which stats usually with negative thoughts, argue with his sisters, or with his aunt, or if he has been triggered by any internal or external thoughts.
Unit 7: Promote Person-centered Approaches in Care Settings 1.1 Explain how and why person-centered values must influence all aspects of health and adult care work. Person centered values are principles that all health and care workers should encompass in all aspects of their work these values are. Respect: all service users who are receiving care should be treated with respect in all areas such as views, opinions and choices they wish to make.
According to Kanel (2014), the humanistic approach and person-centered therapies have much to offer crisis intervention. This style of helping stresses the importance of trusting clients to realize their potential in the context of a therapeutic relationship. Optimism and hope that clients will recognize and overcome blocks to growth are the foundations for trying to help someone work through a difficult situation. An example of how I would use this approach in my work would be a student who believes that because he received a lower grade than normal on a test that he is a failure. Once he receives the grade he begins to give up and not put forth effort to achieve the grade he is going for.
Unconditional positive regard is a vital skill used in the person-centred theory. However if the counsellor uses conditional positive regard, this may break few ethical issues and result in the theory not being person-centred anymore, as the person-centred theory requires the client to be able to have their on control and be free of thought and make their own conclusions/decisions. If the counsellor uses conditional positive regard, by praising them or influencing the client answers, that the counsellor think is correct in their point of view. This can result in the therapeutic relationship breaking as well as the client will never be able
Person-Centered Theory Human nature (assumption) Person-Centered Theory (PCT) is a theory that develops by an American Psychologist in 1930s which is Carl Rogers. Person-Centered Theory is an approach to counselling and psychotherapy that places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a nondirective role. According to Carl Rogers, he stated that a person needs an environment that provides them with genuineness, acceptance and empathy (Saul McLeod 2014).
The therapeutic alliance is partnerships where both therapist and client are agree on shared goals and work together on tasks which conceivably will produce a positive result. This alliance is built on acceptance, empathy and trust. Other than completing education and professional training, personal characteristics also serve as an essential part to work with client. I believe that some of my personal characteristics are assisting me while some other parts of my personal characteristics also obstruct my ability to work effectively with client in a therapeutic relationship. Self-Awareness - I am aware of my own weaknesses and values so that I will not react defensively to what a client had disclosed to me.
A major limitation of person-centered therapy is that it is not emphasizes on the role of techniques. “ Those who call for accountability as defined by evidence-based practices within the field on mental health are also quite critical of the experiential approaches” (Corey G, 2009). Furthermore, a main limitation of person-centered therapy reflects on the therapist 's own limitations. Failing to be genuine, caring, supportive, empathetic and warm; or even failing to be in real touch with the clients on a moment-by moment experience are not only limitations of the process but surely can have a great impact on the outcomes (Bohart, 2003). Indeed, the above limitation is not only a person-centered therapy limitation but for me a basic need for all mental health professionals and therapists.
When engaged in an I-Thou dialogue one is concerned with the uniqueness of the individual, or summarized as “actively listening and encouraging the feelings and opinions of the other person instead of planning our next response while he or she is speaking” (Neher & Sandin, 2007, p. 90). Rogers believed the client should be the “director of their own lives, and it is the therapists responsibility to provide an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard and empathy towards the client” (Bozarth, 2012). The use of I-Thou communication style, or the non-directivity in his therapy, allowed Rogers clients to deal with the issues they believed to be most important, by allowing the person to cope at their own pace.
Introduction The aforementioned quote is taken from Carl Jung’s publication ‘Man’s Search for Meaning’, whereby Jung addresses the convergence and mutual influence exerted between both client and therapist. Jung’s analytical psychology proposes that their fields of consciousness combine, forming the ultimate guiding force in human relations (Jung, 1933). Jung (1933) further states that this unison is essential for the therapeutic process and treatment. Following Jungian psychodynamic approach, various subsequent theories emerged attempting to explain the relational dynamics between therapist and client.
Person-centred nursing is widely practised in clinical areas today, the original concept was developed from the work of psychologists such as Carl Rogers and Tom Kitwood. Rogers (1957.1961) considered empathy and unconditional positive regard to be core features of any therapeutic relationship in counselling. He developed the concept of person-centred therapy in counselling. Stein-Parbury (2009) writes about the use of interpersonal skills in nursing and places a focus on Roger’s model of person-centred therapy. She states that person-centred nursing models have been influenced by the work of Rogers.
Person centered therapy basic assumption is that humans are trustworthy, people have capacity for self-directing, self-understanding, solving problems for themselves and
Some clients cannot express well their feelings or the sharing out the privacy information. So, this therapy could be use on these types of the client because this counseling skill does not generally pay attention to the experiencing catharsis. It can change specific behaviors and developing problem-solving skills. Some potential strengths of the behavioral approaches in working with diverse client populations include its specificity, task orientation, focus on objectivity, focus on objectivity, focus on cognition and behavior, action orientation, dealing with the present more than the past, emphasis on brief interventions, teaching coping strategies, and problem-solving orientation.
As I regard my client as a person I cared about, I might be easily to get influence by my client emotions. This in turn may cause me to be subjective rather than objective as a counsellor. Nevertheless, to not be affected by the emotional issue, I must have high self-awareness with better understanding of myself. It is important to have counsellors to regularly examine their own issues and hone their counselling skills to prevent their personal biases from interfering with their counselling session. In such case, to have an effective counselling, certain strategies could be used.
Rogers put emphasis on listening, understanding and the client finding their own solution rather than the therapist giving it to them. Rogers was able to revolutionised the relationship between the therapist and the client with the person centred approach. The person centred approach is the dominant approach in America today as it is able to be applied to education, psychotherapy and business
Moreno’s psychodrama therapy is a type of group psychotherapy, which aims to improve participants’ social interaction skills, re-establish their self-confidence, and enable participants to express their positive and negative emotions in a safe and supportive environment (Blatner & Blatner, 1988; Wilkins, 1999). According to Wilkins (1999), and Yehoshua and Chung (2013), the process of classical psychodrama therapy is divided into three stages, namely, the warm-up stage, the enactment stage, and the sharing stage (see Appendix, Figure 1). Besides that, five elements, such as a protagonist, a director, a stage, the auxiliary egos, and the audience, are essential throughout the process of psychodrama therapy (American Society of Group Psychotherapy