For performance of a research, its methodology must be clear to the researchers. A clear methodology indicates the methods or techniques to be used as well as their relevance for the study. In choosing an appropriate methodology Guba& Lincoln (1994, pg. 105) argue, “Questions of method should be secondary to questions of paradigm”. The issue is one of choosing the most appropriate research method to achieve stated research objectives. Keeping this view a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods has been used. By application of both methods in this study, it was intended that the disadvantages of pure quantitative and qualitative research could be minimized.
4.1 Research Approach:
4.1.1 Quantitative versus Qualitative Research Approach
Quantitative research, what Evered& Louis (1991, p11) referred to as “inquiry from outside, is characterized by the researcher’s detachment from the organizational setting under study”, the premise being that the phenomena under study is separate from, unrelated to, independent of, and unaffected by the researcher”. In quantitative research Guba and Lincoln (1994, p108) argue that a “real” world is assumed and “how things are” and “how things really work” can be objectively determined.
In contrast, qualitative research as described by Evered& Louis (1991, p1) is “inquiry from the inside” is premised upon an appreciation that “the researcher can best come to know the reality of a situation by being there, by being immersed in the
Involving young people and their parents in decision making is important, this can be done at review meetings, consultation papers, contracts and the questionnaires. The benefits of participation can be seen from two aspects: Benefits for children and young people and parents. Success of projects and initiatives develop sustainability. Improved skills and knowledge ranging from practical skills such as presenting ideas, speaking in and to groups, writing and preparing reports, letters, posters, negotiation and public speaking, Involved confidence in feeling valued and being of some worth to friends and peers, and feeling successful.
Available methods To achieve accuracy and effectiveness when carrying out this research, careful consideration of the methodology is needed. To restate, carrying out this research will obtain qualitative data
Chapter three discusses the research design and methodology used for the current study. The chapter begins with a discussion of the rational for choosing a qualitative design. Qualitative methodologies that were considered for the current study are discussed next followed by the rational for selecting a focused ethnography. Ethical considerations will then be discussed and the researcher describes how principles of autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence, justice and respect were adhered to. The chapter continues with a discussion about sampling, recruitment and data collection.
Among 268 participants, 54.2% were women and 41.4% had weight excess. Stratifying according to dietary pattern, 66 were strict vegetarians, 102 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 100 omnivores, and groups did not differ according to male-to-female ratios and age (Table 1). The frequencies of weight excess [26% (95%CI 15–37) versus 38% (95%CI 29–47) versus 55% (95%CI 45–65), pre-diabetes [21% (95%CI 11–31) versus 29% (95%CI 20–38) and 36% (95%CI 27–45)], and hypertension [18% (95%CI 9–27) versus 26% (95%CI 17–34) and 33% (95%CI 24–43)] were higher in the omnivores than in lacto-ovo-vegetarians and strict vegetarians, respectively. The omnivorous group showed higher mean values of anthropometric measurements including percentage of fat mass than the other groups (Table 1).
Dr. Loreli Dickey-Cropley received her doctorate in public health from Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. However, she started off her career as a registered nurse, earning her degree from Southeastern Louisiana University. As a registered nurse, Cropley noticed how much of what she was treating in patients was preventable. When she worked in community health nursing, she enjoyed working in rural areas that experiencing community level health problems.
CHAPTER 5. INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION Quantitative v. Qualitative Studies Quantitative investigations are scientific, objective, and effective in describing phenomena in terms of magnitude (Balian, 1988). Quantitative investigations use numeric values and statistics to identify patterns, to objectively quantify relationships between variables, and to make predictions. In addition, because large sample sizes are used, data can be generalized to larger populations.
Introduction Psychological research and its findings have profound impact on people, relationships, and institutions in our society (Willig, 2013). However, as any other study, psychological researchers are faced with enormous limitations including inappropriate designs or methodologies due inadequacy of professionals (Wang, et al., 2015), geographical differences that impacts on generalizations (Smith, 2015), and time pressure that negatively affects the quality of a research (Punch, et al., 2014). Language barrier and lack of literature or poorly done review are other factors that affect psychological research (Willig, 2013). Limitations Limited number of professionals in the psychological research is one of the key limitations to this field of study. Psychological research depends on observations, experimentation, and evidence, hence the need for critical methodological designs (Shipman, 2014).
Introduction Qualitative research are those kind of researches that an outcome is obtained without the application of statistical methods of data analysis (Strauss and Corbin, 1990 cited in Golafshani, 2003). However, the qualitative research takes a direct approach, where the researchers arrive at a conclusion through the observation of events as they occur naturally without external interferences (Golafshani, 2003). Ethical and methodological issues may arise, therefore in order to demonstrate the legitimacy of Qualitative research it is important to integrate rigour and trustworthiness. Potential ethical issues There is the need to take into consideration ethical issues that may arise from conducting qualitative researches.
This assignment will critique the strengths and limitations of the research process of a qualitative paper. Nurses have a responsibility to provide holistic quality care to their patients; which must be based on the most up-to-date health information available (Mitchell et al. 2015). Critically analysing evidence is one of the most important steps towards promoting this evidence-based practice (Burns & Grove, 2011). Conversely, the Francis report (2012) declared that nurses need access to precise, comparable and timely information to improve practice. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2015) guidelines state that it is vital that nurses take charge of their own research to ensure use of current best evidence in practice, and developing this research will promote person centred care (McCormack 2003).
Research approach can be categorized into quantitative and qualitative research (Yates, 2004; Creswell, 2009). For this study, both quantitative and qualitative approaches were adopted. The adoption of each of the approaches in any research process come along with their limitations; therefore biases inherent in any of the methods could nullify or neutralize the biases of other methods (Hurmerinta – Peltomaki & Nummela, 2006). Usually, quantitative research conducts a deductive approach to the relationship between theory and research which focus on testing of theory (Bryman & Bell, 2011; Yin, 2008). Conversely, qualitative research emphasizes the words rather than quantification with data.
Conceptual research is often development and arranging conceptual understandings The composite nature of the project can sometimes make it difficult for all aspects of a research question to be answered by a single method acting . “Mixed method” refers to research in which the researcher collects and analyses data, integrates the finding, and draws inferences using more than one method. 4.1 Evaluate appropriate research methodologies in terms of the research question The purpose of inquiry methodological analysis is to discover answers to questions through the application program of scientific
QUANTITATIVE REASONING By definition, Quantitative Reasoning (QR) is the ability to apply mathematical skills when solving real world problems that are happening in our daily lives. It is being able to read numerical data that is presented in tables, formulas and graphs. Quantitative Reasoning is often assumed to have the same meaning as Mathematics and indeed these two are complicatedly linked. Yet they have differences, one of which is that while QR is a skill, Mathematics is primarily a discipline.
With a constantly changing society, the way polls are taken is also at a constant change. This doesn’t allow pollsters to take the time they need to really develop a strong foundation of rules. Although, the biggest problem doesn’t seem to be with how people are reached, but with what people are reached. Pollsters take a sample to determine the percentages they show to the public. The problem with most samples is it is not an accurate representation of the people.
The term Research Methodology refers to a set of procedures, methods & techniques that are put together by the researchers to obtain a solution to the problems they confront during the collection of data. The researchers look for the most crucial data which is inevitable for the research. Generally there are three kinds of approaches or research methods namely Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed. These methods are used to gather data and resolve issues that emerge during the process of data gathering. The researcher can bring forward his findings either in the form of quantitative or qualitative or mixed research methodologies only when the data is collected based on the preliminary data gathering process and the secondary data gathering process.
In quantitative research, variables are identified and defined, and then relevant data is collected from study participants. A strength of this type of research is that the data is in numeric form, making it easier to interpret. It also studies the relationship between independent and dependent variables and can address questions such as does a relationship between variables exist, what is the direction of the relationship, how strong is the relationship between the variables, and what is the nature of the relationship. To be able to discover and answer the cause-and-effect relationship is a strength of quantitative research. Lastly, in quantitative research, the study can either be experimental or nonexperimental, meaning clinical trial or observational study, allowing for different types of research studies to be conducted.