Book Review: The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down
Tim Merlino
Drexel University
November 2017 The patient-doctor relationship recognizes transference affects as a bi-directional relationship which affects the way a health care provider treats a patient and the way the patient responds to treatment (Zinn, 1990). Fadiman’s book examines different problems in the culture of American medicine by highlighting a tragedy centered around a Hmong immigrant family and their sick child, Lia, in California (Fadiman, 2012). The story also highlights some important lessons to be learned by the American health care system to avoid future incidents like described by Fadiman and to ultimately apply cultural competency in public health (Fadiman, 2012).
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Community outreach and involvement is essential. Some of Lia’s providers including her social worker, Jeanine, made efforts to better understand Lia’s family and the Hmong population (Fadiman, 2012). For instance, Jeanine showed many instances of empathy for Lia’s family and the Hmong which was recognized and appreciated (Fadiman, 2012). Jeanine had a chronic illness and she showed true affection for Lia (Fadiman, 2012, p. 113). Additionally, Jeanine avoided being patronizing and talking much about western medicine when interacting with Lia’s family which helped their relationship (Fadiman, 2012). An article by Bahr discusses importance of community outreach and involvement in the treatment of heart attack patients (Bahr, 2017). Bahr found heart attacks have beginnings which can be identified and acted upon at the community level before reaching the hospital (Bahr, 2017). Bahr’s article describes a community intervention in the past which improved heart attack survival rates by sixty-two percent by increasing bystander and community participation (Bahr, 2017). A different evaluation by Lachance showed programs which emphasized self-participation and health literacy by utilizing community health workers showed positive patient outcomes (Lachance, 2017). Utilizing community health workers in the Hmong population could be beneficial population as they suffer from being stuck in low-wage jobs (Fadiman, 2012, p. 206). Additionally, this approach would be more of a mutual assimilation between the health care system and Hmong culture rather than a one-way assimilation, which the Hmong have historically resisted in both China and America (Fadiman,
In a healthcare setting you will see different cultures that will come and go. It is very important to know how to deal with each culture so that you can help them while still making sure they are comfortable. Native Americans have many different characteristics because of the different tribes from all over the world. Healthcare providers should be familiar with them so they know how to distinguish them if needed. While knowing their characteristics they should also know how to interact with Native Americans as well since their culture is a lot different than ours, we want to make sure that we don’t disrespect them.
‘The spirit catches you and you fall down’ was published in 2012 by essayist and reporter Anne Fadiman. This introductory book review analyzes the way in which different cultures perceive illnesses and diseases. It focuses on the story of the Lees a Hmong family, who moved to the United States and experiences difficulties with language, culture and biomedicine method of healing, which contradict to Hmong’s way of healing. The chapters describe the differences between the ways childbirth is conducted in Hmong society compared to the western society. As well as the struggle the Lees family has with the cultural differences in diagnoses and treatment of their ill daughter.
In Anne Fadiman’s, A Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, there’s a conflicting battle going on between cultures. While it might never be specifically stated, Anne Fadiman attempts to convey a neutral understanding to her readers of the Hmong beliefs and culture alongside of the culture of biomedicine western society is mostly familiar with. While the Hmong beliefs and practices in medicine are taboo to western society, readers gradually see that Hmong medicine is just as equal or more powerful than biomedicine that we’re so familiar with. It’s an important concept to understand in this book is that the doctors are there to treat Lia’s disease, not precisely concerned with Lia as a person. Hmong medicine seems to be more related to in helping
The book represents the Hmong and western medicine as being static. Throughout the book the Hmong are depicted as being very hard headed and not willing to adapt. It however also shows mainstream western medicine being just as stubborn to change. Historically the Hmong have faced many challenges, from being used by the American Army as cheap labour and soldiers to becoming refugees but they never gave up their cultural beliefs (Fadiman 1997). A specific example of this can be seen she talks about the tensions the Hmong faced in China, and how the Chinese government tried to change the Hmong community, and make them wear Chinese clothing, cut their hair short etc, however the Hmong responded to this by first fighting and eventually migrating(Fadiman 1997:16).
If a doctor however was given the chance to save Lia’s life and failed, they would be blamed for it. There was a feeling amongst the Hmong that because American doctors were so different than the Hmong medical system they were used too, they were more likely to cause harm than restore it. The Lee’s were no different in their judgment of American doctors, throughout the book it was clear that they cared about Lia very much and wanted the seizures that plagued her to stop, but their knowledge of medicine and health clashed with Western medicine and caused the seizures to increase rather than decrease. On the other side of the spectrum stood the American doctors who were more to blame than the parents for Lia’s permanent vegetative state. They didn’t adhere to simple the Hmong culture that would gain the Lee’s respect and understanding.
In today’s increasingly diverse society, it becomes necessary for doctors to learn to value ethnic diversity. Such an act would not only deliver effective health care to all patients of different cultural or ethnic backgrounds but also would help medical providers understand the patient’s beliefs to some extent which would help build a much stronger doctor-patient relationship. Fadiman focuses on the importance of this very relationship in the story since it was weak due to lack of communication and understanding between the Hmong family and the Doctors. She states that “Dan had no way of knowing that Foua and Nao Kao had already diagnosed their daughter’s problem as [soul loss]. Foua and Nao Kao had no way of knowing that Dan had diagnosed it as epilepsy...”
Puerto Rican Culture Religion, culture, beliefs, and ethnic customs can influence how patients understand health concepts, how they take care of their health, and how they make decisions related to their health (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2015). As a nurse, it is important to understand that not every patient shares the same healthcare beliefs. A nurse must be able to perform his or her duties without judgement and care for each patient with respect for their own unique set of beliefs and morals. In this paper, the Puerto Rican culture will be discussed, from family units to religious and cultural beliefs, as well as how Western Medicine fits into their healthcare. Explain the culture.
Because of the cultural traditions, aside from her treatment at Merced Community Medical Center, they utilized traditional healing methods. This was because her parents and the Hmong culture believed that they needed to call her soul back. Through the Lee’s story, Fadiman highlights the dangers of a lack of cross-cultural communication in the medical
Multiethnic health in Australian health care systems manifest the fundamental values of multiculturalism work inside the framework of health care, with certifying that the training of health professional has a strong and specific emphasis on building cultural competence and effectiveness, that is, the ability to work competently and effectively in a culturally diverse workplace and in encounters with people from different cultural backgrounds to ensure the delivery of best level of healthcare. ( Australian Government. The people of Australia. Australia’s Multicultural Policy; 2011.) Cultural competence, (National Health and Medical Research Council.
In The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, Anne Fadiman made the point that a person's life can be ruined due to "cross cultural misunderstandings. " The text points out many issues between the patients and the doctors. It sheds light on many of the problems that the refugees faced after coming to America due to cultural displacement. From my understanding, the texts of Dettwyler and Fadiman show how medical limitations effects the health of the people whether they are in a foreign country or their own country and also the barriers they face due to lack of resources and knowledge.
The different ways one can look at Paja’s illness is by acknowledging the Hmong culture and by looking at the perspective of the biomedical world.
Over the progression of the book the view points and relationships between the Lees and the doctors develops slightly. The medical staff was not prepared with a translator or a cultural understanding of the Hmong and how their beliefs would not match up with their medical practices. “Not only do the Hmong fail resoundingly to improve the payer mix- more than eighty percent are on Medi-Cal- but they have proved even more costly than other indigent patients, because they generally require more time and attention, and because there are so many of them that MCMC has to hire bilingual staff members to mediate between patients and providers” (Fadiman 25). This theme in the story was immensely eye opening for all of the cultural gaps that exist throughout the United States. The solution to this problem is for both sides standing on opposite sides of the gap to take the time to bridge the gap together.
If a Hispanic came into their local physicians office it is assumed that they are an illegal immigrant and shouldn’t be helped because they don’t belong here, they belong on the other side of the wall, in a land with no opportunity. Monique Tello had a patient of hers share a story of a painful experience in the emergency room. “They treated me like I was trying to play them, they didn’t try to make a diagnoses or help me at all” (Tello, 1). A middle-aged, church going, black women who has had no record of substance abuse, poorly treated because of the color of her skin and the stereotype she has unfairly fallen under. More stories like this exist, there are constant situations just like this one happening in hospitals all over the country.
The world is a diverse population, with people coming from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds. A person’s views, values, and traditions determine their daily needs and practices. So, healthcare providers face certain challenges and restrictions because a patient’s belief may inhibit professionals from providing the most effective care. Therefore, cultural competence is an important idea for healthcare providers to consider when understanding and respecting patients. Balcazar, Suarez-Balcazar, and Taylor-Ritzler (2009) noted in “Cultural competence:
Over the past four months, this course has been one of the most eye-opening experiences I have had during my first year of college. Although I have always realized the importance of being culturally competent in daily life, specifically healthcare, I was unaware of the many ways that cultural competence can be obtained. This class gave me the opportunity to view situations from a different perspective, especially through the weekly discussion boards and peer responses. Learning from classmate can teach more valuable lessons than listening to boring lectures or reading hundreds of pages in a textbook because it is easier to relate to experience rather than hypothetical situations. For example, one of the discussion boards asked us to detail