In the late 19th century, the United States of America was growing rapidly, especially with the rise of industrial businesses and corporations. Some of the most popular figures that contributed to this growth were John D. RockRockefeller, Henry Ford, JP Morgan and Andrew Carnegie. These multi-millionaire tycoons gained wealth and fame during the “Gilded Age” by contributing to industrialization and the improvement of America as a whole. Although these individuals, and many more are typically known for their support and creation of the industrial revolution, were they “Robber Barons” or were they productive managers of the emerging growth of America? The term “Robber Baron” is defined as “a person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous practices” according to The Oxford dictionary. I think that the definition above describes most of the individuals during the “Gilded Age”. These individuals often engrossed in environments that could potentially be harmful to workers, worked employees long hours where it could potentially be considered dangerous, paid their employees low wages, and often used their wealth and fame in order to take control of certain markets and businesses. …show more content…
Rockefeller was the founder of Standard Oil, and helped revolutionize the gas and oil industry while Henry Ford revolutionized the factory setting and the assembly line. While JP Morgan was primarily a businessman, he revolutionized the basic business, and became a huge supporting cast for the railroad industry. Finally, Andrew Carnegie innovated the steel production industry, and made steel production and transportation thrive throughout the country. The individuals mentioned above are only a fraction of the many different people that thrived and helped develop America during the Gilded Age”. These famous, or infamous industrialization tycoons thrived during the late 19th century, and created many of the businesses and operations that we know
Throughout the late 1800s, many people grew tremendously in wealth. Most people started businesses or expanded railroads which required a lot of money. This start the idea of robber barons or captains of industry; while there were some people who would collect the money for themselves there were many people who gave back and did some great things for America. Therefore, industrialists of the 1860s-1900s were more rightly called Captains of Industry than robber barons. John D. Rockefeller, James Fisk, and Henry Flanger are some great examples of Captains of Industry.
In the novel, “The Tycoons” by Charles R. Morris, he explains how Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J.P. Morgan invented the American super economy. In Morris’s novel, he goes in depth of the lives of these men and the experiences that truly made them the group who transformed America’s economy. They transformed the greatest industries of our time: oil, rail, steel, and finance. Not only did they transform America for the better but are also the first captains of industry. I will start with J.P. Morgan who was an art collector, banker, and financier.
After the Civil War, Americans converged to build a nation with optimism. This saw a new wave of industrialism steered by a few entrepreneurs who set up firms to amass wealth and create employment to Americans. The success of these industrialists led historians and other scholars to refer to them as captains of industry or robber barons. By referring to them as captains of industry, historians implied that they applied their ingenuity and inventiveness to transform the economy, and impact the lives of the people through philanthropy. They were also castigated for exploiting the American workers through poor working conditions and low wages for their own selfish gain.
The Gilded Age was a time of American economic prowess thanks in large part to the influence of a few tycoons. However, some believe these tycoons were not the so-called “Titans of Industry,” but rather “Robber Barons.” J.P. Morgan, for example, is erroneously considered to be the latter due to his expansive sphere of influence. Nevertheless, J.P. Morgan is truly a “Titan of Industry.” On April 17, 1837, J.P. Morgan was born in Hartford, Connecticut, to parents Junius Spencer Morgan and Juliet Pierpont (Wepman 1).
This essay will generally analyze the relationship between the government and businesses, and how “Big Business” essentially took control of the Gilded Age. America’s first true big business mostly arose because of the railroads, which is fairly significant, because it essentially helped lead the development of other business barons such as, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. Pierpont Morgan who all had particularly extraordinary accomplishments in shaping our economy. Most of these men who created big businesses after the Civil War were driven by a compelling desire to become rich and influential.
The men that built America have played an immense role in how we live today. One distinct example would be John D. Rockefeller. As a kid, he was always intrigued in how objects worked, which led him to becoming a very successful tycoon. Even though he was a very rich and a great industrialist, how he got there was unacceptable. There are two categories when coming to define a businessman: robber baron and captain of industry.
When Cornelius Vanderbilt died he left his $100 million fortune to his son William Vanderbilt and they both had the same attitude. During the Gilded Age these big business and their owners were thought of as being Robber Barons or Captains of Industry. The poor working conditions that were provided, the corruption they led in government, and their use of child labor shows that they were Robber Barons. Children were used in labor to work a lot and most days of the week. Kids as young as 5 often worked as much as 12 to 14 hours a day for barely any pay.
The rise of Big Business and robber barons in the 19th century made social reforms and the progressive movement necessary. In the years following the Civil War, there was a rise in business in the U.S. According to US History, over 600,000 patents and inventions were made during this period, and several monopolies were formed. (pg512) Three of the largest were; Standard Oil, John D. Rockefeller, Carnegie Steel, Andrew Carnegie, and the New York Central Railroad System which was owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt. These corporations operated under the rights promised individuals in our Constitution.
“Much of the blame heaped on the captains of industry in the late 19th century is unwarranted.” (Document F). The Gilded Age was a time where the U.S. economy grew very quickly and rapidly, due to the inventive minds and entrepreneurs of that time; but it has different perspectives of opinions in history today. This era led the U.S. to its state and place in the present world, thanks to its important contributors, (who are involved in the main debate of whether they were robber barons, unethical men who yearn for money, or captains of industry, leaders who add positive ideas and methods to benefit their country.) The industrial leaders of the Gilded Age are captains of industry, worthy of some gratitude and credit for how our society’s structure
Robber Barons and Captains of Industry Some might believe that the businessmen of the Gilded age are robber barons because of how some of them treated their workers and spent their money. The businessmen of the Gilded Age were captains of industry because of the impact that they made on the country. Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, and Vanderbilt all have done things that can identify them as captains of industry. These businessmen gave their time and effort to help the economy grow.
The late 19th century was full of growth, production, and business. People were craving power and seemed to achieve this through any means necessary. Consequently, a new business elite formed consisting of the richest men alive. The way in which these individuals acquired all their profits is something very contradictory even over one-hundred years later. Some historians characterize these businessmen as “robber barons” who used extreme methods to control and concentrate wealth and power, and being supported by multiple sources, this statement is justified but only to some extent.
After the Civil War, the Second Industrial Revolution was established due to America’s rapid growth for industry and economics. Capitalists during the industrial period of 1875-1900’s were either accused of being a robber baron or a captain of industry. Some capitalists leaders who were accused of being a robber baron or captain of industry included J.P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew W. Mellon, and John D. Rockefeller. A robber baron is a business leader who gets rich through cruel and scandalous business practices. The captains of industry is a business leader who wants to better the companies in a way that it would be positively contributing to the country.
His work, The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy, allows readers to see a more picture perfect outlook on what the lives of these men entitled. Morris’s book was published in 2005, which allows readers to get a perspective from a long period of time and closer to reality rather than other historians writing on this era. The last author that allows readers to view the Robber Barons in a different manor is James Nuechterlein in his journal article Gifts of the “Robber Barons.” Nuechterlein wrote this article in 2007 allowing readers to view the men through historical resources that he uncovered. His stance shows a more balanced approach to the Robber Barons rather than saying one or the other was a better man than the other.
Robber barons, specifically Andrew Carnegie, an industrialist and John D. Rockefeller, a philanthropist, were the chosen, elite members of society according to the doctrine of Social Darwinism. Darwinism is when evolution occurs and the strongest organisms of an ecosystem survive and reproduce to outnumber the weaker, less fit organisms of an ecosystem. Similarly Social Darwinism follows the same concept, but in a capitalist sense of thought. Those who were able to exploit the Gilded Age’s laissez faire economy to their own benefit, like the robber barons Andrew Carnegie of Carnegie Steel and J. D. Rockefeller of Standard Oil, were the fittest members of society because they were able to survive in the grueling and ruthless free economy. By usurping all of the fresh yet unfit immigrants that were flowing into the States due to the rise of urbanization, these two men integrated these easily-manipulated people into their factories to augment their profits.
During the Gilded age in, two men were the dominant force driving big industry in America. These men were Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick. These men started out life as a part of the poverty cycle in America, but rose to the top of their own industries and were worth a vast amount of money before their deaths. While both men had differing senses of leadership, a partnership was formed which turned them into giants among the industrial world and both men’s strong business strategies are still influencing companies today.