William Mckim: Chapter Summary
William McKim in chapters 1, 2, 3, 5 and 14 looks at some basic pharmacology, research design and the behavioral analysis of drug effects, tolerance withdrawal, sensitization and conditioning of drug effects, dependence addiction and the self administration of drugs as well as antidepressants and mood stabilizers. A drug in its most basic form is defined as “a substance that alters the physiology of the body” (p. 1) and is comprised of a chemical name, a generic name and trade name. The chemical name is used by chemists to identify what the molecules of a drug looks like while the generic name is a shorter version of the chemical name. The trade name on the other hand, is the property of the company that sells the drug. The effect of a drug …show more content…
25). This is primarily done through manipulation of the independent variable (the amount of drug) and the observed effect on the dependent variable (change in an individual’s behavior). Experimental research conducted within behavioral pharmacology includes experimental control, within subject and between subject designs. Non experimental research design “looks for a relationship between two measured events” (p. 29) but does not infer causation. Stimulants or uppers are drugs that increase arousal while those that decrease arousal are termed depressants or downers. Conversely, performance in humans are measured according to perception, cognitive or motor abilities whereas behaviors in nonhumans are measured through spontaneous motor activity, respondent and operant conditioning which play a role in understanding why and how organisms use drugs. The effects of drugs are also analyzed through their stimulus properties which are looked at as “their ability to act as a discriminative stimulus in a discriminative learning task” (p. …show more content…
It was however very helpful in providing me with an understanding of how drugs taken by humans especially for the purpose of mental health affect different areas of the body and the anticipated side effects of each. Through having such knowledge also, I am better able to work with the clients I serve in monitoring the progress of the therapeutic effects of the drugs they are taking during treatment. Additionally, by familiarizing self with the different classes of drugs, will allow me to become more vigilant in recognizing the purpose the drug/s are being taken by clients immediately after hearing or seeing
Summary Of Chapter 16 By Henry Petroski
811 Words | 4 PagesIn chapter 16 Henry Petroski talks about the horrible present situation of today’s road building industry. Henry indicates, the essence of flocculants outside its defeat garrulous among them, that is the current situation of road building industry. First Henry gives us some typical examples of fraud and abuse within and outside government. Recently, in North Carolina, an executive road paving company guilty to charges of conspiracy to defraud the US Transportation department and also conspiracy to laundry money. This case involves thirty-seven federal construction contractors.
Brief Summary Of Chapters By Reuven Malther
739 Words | 3 PagesNumber Quotes Classification Notes 1. “For the first 15 years of our lives, Danny and I lived within five blocks of each other and neither of us knew of the other’s existence.” Chapter 1, page 3 TS This was the first quote in the book, where the narrator Reuven Malther talks about how he came to know this boy named Danny. Later in the book, these two boys have a hate for each other, but come to find out that they have a lot in common, and become friends.
David Gaub Mccullough Chapter Summaries
1025 Words | 5 PagesJaylin Mashack American History Honors 1 Period 3 July 23 , 2015 David Gaub McCollough born July 7, 1933) is an American author, narrator, historian, and lecturer. ] He is a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, McCullough earned a degree in English literature from Yale University. His first book was The Johnstown Flood (1968); and he has since written eight more on such topics as Harry S Truman, John Adams, and the Brooklyn Bridge.
Jay Nordlinger's Chapter Summary
500 Words | 2 PagesQuite often in this nonfiction work, the author, Jay Nordlinger breaks away from the formal format that nonfiction works tend to take and offers a brief paragraph or two to clear the readers’ minds. In the midst of facts and figures of different dictators and children, Nordlinger addresses his audience, explains his writing methods and offers guidance. In these passages, Nordlinger breaks away from the chains of formal language and uses personal pronouns. For instance in Mao’s chapter, he states, “I will now present to you a blizzard of names, and those names tend to be tricky to the Western eye” (Nordlinger 66).
Timothy Williams Summary
288 Words | 2 PagesIn his article, Timothy Williams points out the failures of the these rebuilding projects are becoming a common occurrence because the United States constantly fails to consider the needs of the Iraqi local communities. Williams further argues that both the Iraqi government and the United States government are to blame for the poor management and the lack of adequate follow-ups. In response to Williams’ comment, Lucerna will argue that this problem with development project is not new to the engineer field and main reason for such failure in the development project lies in the mindset of engineering problem solving (EPS), which teaches students that the correct way to development is the path that is the most cost-effective. This mindset fails
Lance L. Simpson Influence On Drugs And Crime
295 Words | 2 PagesLance L. Simpson a teacher at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Said “In a recent interview that the most striking difference he had found was that people under the influence of a narcotic,” had trouble committing the crime and once they were under the influence they we’re vulnerable and able to
Summary Of Chaim Potok's The Chosen
663 Words | 3 PagesOne reason that readers of The Chosen may believe that Danny would completely leave the Jewish faith behind when he leaves for Columbia University is that he associates Judaism with the relationship between him and his father. True, his father did not like Danny's enthusiasm for learning, and that's putting aside the fact that it was against the rules of Hasidism. However, even though he knew of Danny's visits to the library and his reading of psychology books, he did not force Danny to stop, or even discourage them. Danny would later understand that while his father did not encourage his learning, there was much more who could have done to prevent it, and this would eventually strengthen their relationship. Some may say that this would have
Dwight Macdonald Reading And Thought Summary
881 Words | 4 PagesIn “Reading and Thought” by Dwight Macdonald, Macdonald raises the idea of reading deeply and how our society has changed its reading style. He points out that our modern society constantly reads irrelevant information in articles, newspapers, or magazines in our daily lives. A term called “functional curiosity” is a person’s interest in being amused, entertained or wanting to know what’s happening around the world. According to Henry Luce, the creator of Time magazine, “Functional Curiosity grows as the number of educated peoples grows.” Macdonald argues that being “functionally curious” is not functional because it does not help the individual function.
Are You In Control In Brave New World
759 Words | 4 PagesAccording to the article ¨Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction¨, ¨Drugs interfere with the way neurons send, receive, and process signals via neurotransmitters¨ The article also says, Although these drugs mimic the brain's own chemicals... they lead to abnormal messages being sent through the network.¨ This quote supports the fact that drugs such as soma, can affect someone's behavior. In the novel, when the people took soma, they thought they didn't have any responsibility, they would do some horrible things, such as cause fires, steal things, and hack. As a result, it is evident that drugs can change someone's
Chemical Dependency
514 Words | 3 Pages2015). There were few hormones mentioned but only three will be talked about in this speech. One of this neurotransmitter is Endorphin which involved in pain relief; opioid and depressants are the drugs that affect the function of this neurotransmitter. Next is Serotonin which regulate moods and impulsivity; the drug related to this is Hallucinogens. Lastly Dopamine which include the regulation of movements, rewards, punishments, pleasure and energy; Cocaine and Marijuana affect this function within the
Essay On Psychedelic Drugs
516 Words | 3 PagesThe effects of this type of drug can be defined as drug-induced psychosis — misinterpretation and confusion relating to a person’s ability to perceive reality, think
How Does Drugs Affect Consciousness
1864 Words | 8 PagesSuch drugs that affect consciousness are: depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. In this essay, all three drugs will be discussed. Depressants
Overcoming Addiction Summary
540 Words | 3 PagesAddiction is a problem that has ramifications not only for the addict but also for his/her loved ones. The article’s main point is to explain how humans respond to operant conditioning, and how it could be applied to overcome addiction. This article mostly focuses on the idea that addiction is the result of our desire for rewards, and since drugs offer an almost immediate reward the brain learns to associate drugs with rewards. This starts a downward spiral where regular healthy reward seeking behavior is replaced by the fast reward response drugs offer, and eventually drugs replace all other means of reward seeking behavior creating a dependency. The article displays how operant conditioning is used to replace the dependency of drugs with
MDMA Informative Speech
844 Words | 4 PagesThey incurred that people who actively used MDMA preformed worse on tasks over a three-day period then alcohol users. One of the effects that they tested was mood. They presented the data they collected in a “Mood Rating Scale.” In the study that lasted a period of 3 days, it was shown that 11 of the 16 who were using MDMA, the applicants in the first day were happier and more overjoyed to be around people than the applicants that we ingesting alcohol. But as time went on to the next day they were becoming bored, sad and discontent.
Classical Conditioning: A Brief Summary
756 Words | 4 PagesSuitable research was composed in March of 2013 by Dr. Amy Reichelt, a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Neuroscience at the University of New South Wales. Reichelt’s research proves that an individual can become classically conditioned in a variety of ways. Reichelt stated that classical conditioning “doesn’t just apply to drooling dogs but has formed an important rationale for the development, maintenance, and relapse of drug-taking behaviours”. Dr. Reichelt uses nicotine as an example, stating that the “stimulation of nicotinic receptors affects functions…and triggers the release of dopamine. So the rewarding effects of smoking are very rapid”.
More about William Mckim: Chapter Summary
Summary Of Chapter 16 By Henry Petroski
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