Analysis
“My Last Duchess”—published in 1842—is a dramatic monologue, partially inspired by historical events involving Alfonso, the Duke of Ferrara, who lived in Italy during the 16th century. The duke is considered one of Browning’s most renowned dramatic monologues as it captivates readers on various levels—historical, psychological, and societal. Despite the hideous act of commanding his wife’s murder for seemingly trivial reasons, he exudes a striking charm evident in his eloquent speech and genial mannerisms. This ironic disparity, a hallmark of Browning’s monologues, is particularly pronounced in this piece.
The duke’s relentless need to control emerges as his defining trait, evident in the murder of the duchess. Despite her supposed transgressions, which are probably largely imagined, his desire for absolute dominance becomes palpable. This portrayal reflects broader societal norms of the Victorian era, where patriarchal control and suppression of female autonomy were prevalent. For instance, when the duke mentions that other men could draw her “blush,” he highlights his possessive nature and the perceived threat to his control over her. Additionally, his insistence on controlling her smiles solely for him signifies his need for dominance and exclusivity. This parallels the societal expectations of Victorian England, where women were often seen as possessions to be controlled and manipulated by men.
Despite his moral ambiguity, the duke demonstrates a keen appreciation for beauty and art and adeptly engages his audience, the emissary, who has arrived with a proposal of marriage. The poem succeeds in illustrating the complexities of human nature, presenting a character who embodies both moral depravity and captivating charisma. Through the duke’s portrayal, Browning invites readers to ponder themes of power, control, and societal expectations, prompting reflection on the darker aspects of human behavior.
