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Test counts of amounts of inventory are made by auditors while they are observing employees do the physical inventory counts because auditors are responsible for determining the existence of inventory. Doing test counts allows the auditor to get a better idea of the condition of the inventory, whether employees are following the instructions of management when performing the counts, and gain evidence regarding the trustworthiness of the counts and the procedures used for the counts. The amount of the test counts needed fluctuates based on the degree of risk that the inventory counts are incorrect and the importance of inventory amounts to the audit. The auditor compares the test count to the client's inventory count. If there are disagreements
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In a perpetual inventory system, a company track inventory instantaneously by using an electronic system that records the inventory amount as they are being bought and sold. Although perpetual inventory systems provide for solid internal controls, it is still important to do test counts of inventory to confirm the accuracy of the electronic system. These test counts do not have to be performed at the end of each year or accounting period; rather they can be performed whenever it is considered a fitting time.
(An attempt to put p. 509 into my own words)
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A "bill and hold" scheme is when the company bills the purchaser of the inventory while holding the inventory in their possession and including the sold inventory in the inventory counts. By doing this, the company is either overstating inventory, and in so doing understating cost of goods sold, or overstating revenues, either of which is overstating net income.
(An attempt to put p. 526 into my own words)
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Misstatement Error or Fraud Control Substantive Procedure
a. Error Create effective controls for counting inventory and supervise the counting of
Results The lab experiment was done in two parts, one with the NAND, NOR, XOR and Hex Inverters and the other with a 7483 full adder gate, both will verify the truth table when two input bits and a carry are added together. The circuits were built by examining the 1 bits through a K-Map to create a Boolean expression for the sum and carry. The Boolean expression for the sum was A⊕B⊕C and the carry as AB+BC_in+AC_in. From these two expressions, we notice that we must use two exclusive-ORs gates in the sum inputs for A, B, and C. For the sum, we have to use NOR and NAND (the only available gates from the lab manual).
I nventory Value + Purchases – Current Inventory Value = Costs of Goods Sold Cost of Goods Sold / Actual Net Sales = Food Cost percentage Jeremy states that the improvements to the inventory system over the last few years have helped him run his business better.
This memorandum highlights significant portions of Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 115 Communication of Internal Control Related Matters Identified in an Audit and answers some questions frequently asked by accountants about SAS 115 ("The American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants", 2015). SAS 115 Highlights Here are some highlights of SAS 115. Applicability (SAS 115, 2015, para. 01). Definitions. A material weakness (SAS 115, 2015, para. 06).
There are events and forces that might prevent reliance on auditing through the computer for Kudler Fine Foods. The auditor needs to review the internal controls of the organization to ensure that they are working correctly. If the internal controls in place are not working efficiently then the reliance on auditing through computer will decrease. The physical and environmental security of computer is also important. Many computer systems require strict environmental controls to function properly (Hunton, Bryant, &Bagranoff, 2004, p.220).
It is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold by the average inventory. Average inventory is calculated by adding the beginning and ending inventory for Tootsie Roll Industries and dividing the sum by two. Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold Average Inventory =
Thus, they are in a position to cover any debt obligations that may come up quickly. Their inventory turnover has been relatively steady over the five years of data. In year 7 their inventory turnover reached 3.2 which means inventory is moving through to customers at an increased rate over the year which correlates with their increased sales. This statement is supported by the fact that the days inventory held for stoves has dropped over the past five years from 146 days in year 3 to 114 days in year 7. These reductions have allowed for the reduction of their days in accounts payable from 51 all the way down to 11.
a) Allocation, Valuation and Accuracy Inventory is a Current Asset in a Balance Sheet. The inventory was valued by using an incorrect code for the more expensive items of inventory. Probably, there is an error or the management was trying to provide a better picture of its financial position. If a misstatement of inventory has occurred there will be an impact on what the company reports as profit. An inaccurate record of inventory will result in the company not knowing its inventory position and not being able to meet customers’ orders.
“Oh, another?” You groan as you sit down, and you probably won’t get up for several more hours. Thus begins the fourth day of standardized testing. Students should not have to take standardized testing because it takes up too much class time, it puts stress on teachers and students, and students already take too many tests in each subject.
This instance clearly highlights the importance of internal control functions that identify, assess, monitor and report the risks and controls effectiveness on an ongoing basis Governing Bodies or Organizations These governing bodies have enacted and developed various professional standards and acts that form the basis of audit principles. Table 2 List of governing bodies for Audit Organization Name Principles or Acts or Standards relevant for Audit function Remarks IIA (The Institute of Internal Auditors) International Professional Practices Framework • Basis for audit techniques and procedures • Standard for evaluating internal audit function AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Account) Statement on Auditing Standards • Statements on Auditing Standards (SASs) • Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAEs) • Statements on Quality Control Standards
The eighth step involves recording closing entries. Closing entries purpose is to end the accounting period to data in the temporary accounts to the ever-lasting income statement accounts and balance sheet. Transferring the balances of the nominal or temporary accounts to owner equity or retained earnings accounts is used because this account only affect one accounting time frame (edunote (2016). The ninth step is “Preparing a close trial balance “.
Edmonds, T. P., Tsay, B., & Olds, P. R. (2011). Fundamental managerial accounting concepts (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
However, instances of poor accounting may take place. And in most cases, such instances result in monetary losses for a business. Monetary losses and poor accounting are often blamed upon accountants (alongside managers or solely) but based on detailed observation several reasons prove the contrary and are mainly related to the internal management.
This was the question that I found the most difficult as I was unsure about the spatial aspects of the question. I was not sure how many tiles would fill each of segregated sections in the square. In order to work this out, I wrote on the diagram how many triangular tiles it would take to fill each of the different sections. I felt confident with the sections that could be filled with one of the triangular tiles or two triangular tiles; however, I was not confident about how many would fill the other sections. I then worked out that the large square section in the middle of the table comprised of two lots of two triangular tiles; thus, this part required four tiles in total.
Do you want children that do not have creativity to solve a problem? The 'current' educational system has been the same for many decades. This has become an obsolete system over years. It can be seen that technology and other ways of making scientific advances year after year. However, the way of learning has been the same.