Green Chemistry Essay
On the one hand, huge amounts of chemicals are used, produced and released as pollutants by the chemical industry, as a noticeable proportion of the final products of the chemical industry are spread and disseminated into the environment as toxic, persistent pollutants, so alternative innocuous products are needed. All these points justify the strong connection between development and application of green chemistry and the chemical industrial activities. Also, it is important to clarify that green chemistry is not only applied to improve the environment, but also to provide the chemical industry with new views and solutions that may enable it to overcome and solve the serious issues of environmental damage [11, 12].
Figure 1: Flow of material
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Innovation Final result
1. Prevent waste It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is produced.
The costs of disposal of hazardous materials and to remain within legal requirements and levels usually exceed the price of the raw materials as input. So, the application of principle 1 makes green chemistry adoption a better investment than waste treatment activities. 2002 award was given to Pfizer for Alternative Synthetic Pathway for Sertraline, the active ingredient in Zoloft1®, the world’s most widely prescribed antidepressant. Eliminating approximately 700 metric tons of waste per year that were not incorporated into the final product. [1], [21, 22]
2. Atom economy Synthetic methods should be directed towards the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product, as possible, thus leading to fewer waste by-products. The efficient use of reactants is often ignored because the final yield is the main concern in the areas of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The concept considers how much of the reactants in a chemical reaction end up in the final products (Equation 3). When these reactants are used inefficiently, their atoms transfer as waste by-products. Atom economy calculations generally show that the addition and rearrangement reactions give (100% atom economy) while substitutions give (65.41%) and eliminations (35.30%).
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