AD 1800 - 1900
-John Nelson Darby, father of dispensationalism
-United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland established with one monarch and one parliament; --Catholics excluded from voting
-William Wilberforce leads Parliament to abolish slave trade in the British Empire
-Restoration Movement gives rise to the Disciples of Christ and some Church of Christ groups
-Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, abolitionist
-Soren Kierkegaard, philosopher and writer
-The African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) founded by Richard Allen, a free Black
-Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (reestablished by Pope Pius VII) spurs Roman Catholic missionary efforts in Ethiopia, Mongolia, North Africa, and Hawaii
-Catholic Emancipation
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Led by William Seymour, the revivals emphasize living a holy life as demonstrated by Spirit baptism and evidenced by speaking in tongues. Beginnings of Pentecostalism.
-Scofield Bible published
-Communism spreads anti-religious ideology throughout Europe, Asia, and Latin America: Christianity eradicated from education
-Scopes “Monkey” Trial (State of Tennessee v. John Scopes) on the teaching of evolution
-Lateran Treaty establishes independent Vatican City
-Rise of Nazism, leading to World War II and the death of 6 million Jews and millions of Christians. Modern Martyrs: In 1945 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Lutheran pastor and a leader of the underground church in Germany, is hanged for plotting to kill Adolph Hitler. Franciscan priest Maxmilian Kolbe, prisoner in Auschwitz, volunteers to die and is executed in place of a fellow prisoner.
-Wycliffe Bible Translators founded
-Rudolf Bultmann leads movement to “demythologize” the Bible
-Discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the oldest known copies of portions of the Bible (c. 100 BC)
-Billy Graham’s Los Angeles Crusade launches his ministry
-World Council of Churches formed by representatives from all major Christian denominations except Roman
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Though one of the last Communist-ruled countries in the world, Vietnam allows the Evangelical Church of Vietnam to build church buildings and conduct training; the Roman Catholic Church allowed to open new diocese and ordain 57 new priests.
-More than 1,500 Christians killed and 173 churches destroyed in Nigeria
-Totalitarian regime of North Korea kills hundreds of Christians
-Christians arrested in Saudi Arabia during worship in private homes
-Christians in Somalia flee after believers killed by Muslims
-Crackdown on house churches throughout China; government registration aimed at greater control
-Increases violence against Christians and attacks on churches in India
-The JESUS film, an evangelistic film, is seen by a viewing audience of more than 5 billion since
After reading all the passages contained in “The Black Church” by Marilyn Mellows I quickly decided to write about “Origins and Abolition”. Perhaps, it was the fact that each of the aforementioned passages included historical references to Philadelphia. I am always interested in the role that Philadelphia played in shaping the course of African American history. These passages illuminate the individuals that charted new paths as slaves persevered and fought defiantly as they marched towards freedom. Origins, is a brief but succinct description that outlines the plight of Africans that departed their kingdoms on the coastline of Congo and arrived in Jamestown, Virginia as slaves.
What has been enlightening to me over my studies, and was again seen in this month’s reading, was just how many issues the church has overcome. Since the very beginning of the church there has been persecution, division and confusion as to just who Jesus was and what his teaching really meant. The persecutions seemed to start because these Christians did not want to participate in the cultic and warring practices of the Roman Empire. Christians were looked at as strange for avoiding the public bathhouses and they gathered in secret. It seems eerily similar to what Christians in the East have to do today to stay alive.
The Dorr’s rebellion was led by lawyer and activist Thomas Dorr, who held a convention and drafted a constitution, which was then submitted to popular vote. Although, the rebellion quickly failed, it helped to draft a new constitution that expanded the suffrage, instead of just small groups of landowners being able to vote. However, this didn’t truly live up to its characterization either because the voting rights were only guaranteed to white male citizens. The women and the slaves were still secluded from the reform, thus it wasn’t truly for the “common man”. Another reform movement that arose during this era was the birth of the Whigs.
During the 1800’s, those who saw social prejudice or corruption started many reform movements to correct the difficulties in America. The Second Great Awakening really helped shape the United States into a religious nation and paved the way through the reform movements, while stressing individual choice that caused an uprising in denominations leading to followers by the masses. Antislavery abolitionism became a movement mostly because of influence from the religious revival that was taking place, and demonstrating to all of those religious that slavery is a sin. Reformists of the antislavery movement transformed their thoughts forward of equality to all people, no matter their race.
Abolishment of Slavery During the 19th Century slavery was at large and making the economy prosper but keeping slaves, African Americans at bay. Many did not agree with the idea of keeping slaves those people were called abolitionist who wanted to stop slavery there were many activists who did something for the cause, people like Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Some of the abolishers went through the troubles and knew what it meant to be a slave. After being freed they started to work toward abolishing slavery ending for once and all, both of these abolitionist were educated Frederick Douglass was fortunate to learn literacy skills as a young man and Harriet Beecher Stowe had a sister who had strong feelings
The Antebellum Reform Movement includes: the Second Great Awakening, Abolitionism, Temperance, and Women’s Rights. The Great Awakening is one of the most notable events in the history of American religion. This event was a religious revival, that not only affected religion, but it also influenced the prison reform, the women’s rights movement, abolishment of slavery, and advancements in literature. The Abolitionist movement, was formed by groups and individuals with the purpose to end slavery.
What is fundamentalism? Essentially, it is an adherence to the literally interpreted Bible as fundamental to life and teaching. In his book, Fundamentalism and American Culture, George M. Marsden attacks the daunting question of “How has the fundamentalist movement managed to resist the pressures of the scientific community and the draw of modern popular culture to hold on to their ultra-conservative Christian views?” Not only does this History textbook answer that pressing question, but it also tells the incredible, encouraging tale of how Christian principles CAN survive in a godless world. From the first chapter, Marsden notes fundamentalism’s steady march through American history.
Although America was haunted by war and conflict during its first hundred years as a free nation, there are many events that I will consider to be impressive that helped shape our country little by little. Although I was not familiar with a lot of the history of the churches during the colonial days (The Great Awaking) has really impressed me because it taught me how the Baptist congregation would grow from small numbers to larger numbers. It also explained to me how it expanded and that some of the pastors did not even have formal educations in order to preach. The next event involved Thomas Jefferson, whom I learn quite a lot about while conducting my research for my (American History in Video Project).
The collection of documents brought together in this project begins to tell the story of the growth of Protestant religion among African Americans during the nineteenth century, and of the birth of what came to be known as the "Black Church" in the United States. This development continues to have enormous political, spiritual, and economic consequences. But perhaps what is most apparent in these texts is the diversity of ways in which that religious tradition was envisioned, experienced, and implemented. From the white Baptist and Methodist missionaries sent to convert enslaved Africans, to the earliest pioneers of the independent black denominations, to black missionaries in Africa, to the eloquent rhetoric of W.E.B. DuBois, the story of the black church is a tale of variety and struggle
A martyr is a person who is punished or murdered due to their own beliefs or ways of life. Most martyrs are respected by their followers, partially in a way that Kings and Queens are praised by their servants and townspeople. A traitor, on the other hand, is a person or people who commit treason. The term traitor is often used in political discussions.
In the wake of the second Great Awakening in the early 1800’s, societal morals regarding slavery, lack of rights for women, the prison system, education, and other institutions were questioned. Unitarianism stressed salvation through good works, and both religious converts and transcendentalists initiated social reform movements in an attempt to improve the moral state of America. Two of these movements that included perhaps the most controversy and struggle included abolitionism and women’s rights. Although both the abolitionist and women’s rights movements were able to eventually create lasting societal and political change, the fact that only a small portion of the population had any democratic rights showed the initial weaknesses of American democracy.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, American society began to focus on the welfare of minority groups. Women’s suffrage and abolition were rooted as deeply as the history of America, but asylum and prison reform sprouted with the Second Great Awakening, a movement that occurred in the early 1800s. The Second Great Awakening was led by religious leaders who advocated for changes in American society through the unity of the American people (Doc. Due to the Second Great Awakening, reform movements were established between 1825 and 1850 in order to represent the changes the people sought for in the issues of slavery, suffrage, and asylum and prison reform. The social aspect of the abolition movement led to the visible democratic changes in society and politics.
The Second Great Awakening’s Impact on Abolitionism in the North The Second Great Awakening during the late 18th and 19th centuries sparked many reform movements in the United States. The new enlightenment age fostered scientific thought that often challenged traditional Christian practices. Principles of “Deism” and “Unitarianism” were religious philosophies that focused on free will, reason, and science.
The total Abolition of slavery, which was supported by the majority of the American population, lead to other events such as: the reconstruction of the country, the rise of the Ku Klux Klan know as the KKK’s, the migration patterns, some new types of discriminations, and consequently the number of black’s who
The existence of Christianity enumerates almost 20 centuries and for this period it made a long way in development and expansion. The Christianity was born in Palestine in the 1st century AD and spread to various corners of the world. Kennedy, P. (2011). Christianity : An Introduction. London: I.B.