1829 Police: The Evolution Of Policing

Policing has been around a long time, ever since the 19th century to be more specific. In that span of time between the 19th century and today, policing has gone through many changes, to lead us to the state of policing we are in today, which is now a complete 180 from how it used to be. Way back when the first settlers came to America, communities actually policed themselves. They believed that this was the most effective way to uphold the law, or whatever they called it back then. They had many ways to keep people in line such as public disapproval, shunning, and even public humiliation.

Without the support and approval of society, police officials can rarely meet the demand of their job (Argosy University,

The 1930s to the 1980s is referred to as the Reform Era of policing. Why? -The time period ranging from the 1930s to 1980s was referred to as the Reform Era of policing due to the drastic transition present in this period from political policing to a truer form of crime fighting policing. What reforms were made?

As these build upon one another and become worse and worse the public becomes afraid of both the police and the criminals and feel their only recourse is to protect

19th century philosopher, Jeremy Bentham's definition of maximizing utility asked individuals how can you create the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Police are prime examples of maximizing utility. As a result, in order the fix our present situation, Americans need to stop living in the

When it comes to the topic of police reform, many agree that our country is long overdue for it, however the questions is how exactly do we, as a nation, go about changing one of the most rigid power structures that exist in the country. While some believe that reform must come from within the individually flawed police departments, others argue that the entire criminal justice system needs an overhaul. An analysis of Ta-Nehisi Coates essay “The Myth of Police Reform” reveals that the complex issues of police shootings of minors (especially African Americans) and how difficult it may be to change these problems. In “The Myth of Police Reform” the author exemplifies the use of logos, ethos and pathos therefore making the argument effective.

During the Gilded Age, the police was an entity highly corrupt. Also, police officer positions were political appointments. In general, a police officer did not earn too much money for salary, they got it from the extortion, conning and some numerous other illegal practices. Persistently, the police enforcement were extremely ruthless, and they also took the law in their own hands. For instance, they beating and punished people before arrested them.

Community Policing aspires to greater involvement of and with the community (Alderson 1979) this is outlined in one of his principles, ‘Policing by Consent’. This states that the police are not above society. They are a part of the community – not separate from it. Therefore the community accepts the role of the police, accepts that the police are the police and supports the police in their duties. He believed this was more effective than having the police forced on a community.

There are many principles that came with Sir Robert Peel. The purpose of the police force is to prevent as much crime as possible and is to maintain order, the police depend on the trust and approval of the public to do their job correctly and efficiently. Those are his two top ones but there are more principles. He wanted everyone to feel safe when outside or at home. He wanted the public to keep an eye out and watch for the safety of the community.

Which influence officer behaviors to make peace with citizens. The advantages for community policing is that both the officer and citizens get to come in accordance with reducing crime and increase the security in the community and neighborhoods. This era gave citizen a voice. To help assist and work with officers as community watch to reduce crime. Unlike the reform era, who attempted to be

The principles of Sir Robert Peel are important for America today, and help shape todays modern police forces. Peels principles help keep order and peace to the police force of America. Peel drafted one of the first police bills in 1828, to improve the police in the Metropolis, it was passed in 1829 ( ). There are nine total principles in total that help guide the law enforcement. The first principle describes the basic mission to why police exist.

Since William Westley’s seminal study in the 1950s, reports of a monolithic police culture have focused on the broadly collective attitudes, values, and norms that serve to manage strains created by the nature of police work and the disciplinary practices of police management and supervision (Brown, 1988; Crank, 1998; Drummond, 1976; Fielding, 1988; Kappeler, Sluder & Alpert, 1998; Manning, 1995; McNamara, 1967; Reiner, 1985; Reuss-Ianni, 1983; Rubinstein, 1973; Skolnick, 1994; Sparrow, Moore & Kennedy, 1990; Van Maanen, 1974 (1975?) ; Westley, 1970). A monolithic culture, which strives towards the homogeneity of attitudes, values, and norms associated with a single culture, could be projected to break up because organisational philosophies change (Chan, 1996; Fielding, 1994; Paoline et al.,

2. Literature Reviews 2.1 Perspectives on Community Policing This section provides a review of the relevant literature that underpins this study. As argued in the previous paragraph, the concept of community policing, its drivers and purposes can be considered as key unresolved issues in the literature. In this sense, two background questions have guided this literature review section – these being: i) what is community policing; and ii) what are the key drivers for the development and application of community policing?

LICEING THE 21ST CENTURY The police are the public and the public are the police - Robert peel When we talk about the criminal justice system the public at large plays a very important role right from the prevention to reporting to the investigation of the case. The criminal justice system cannot achieve its goal without the active participation of the general public. If we take a look at the ancient police setup in medivial and ancient india we come across that there were various provisions for the participation of the public working with the police. The word police, inspires confidence inspires a sense of truse, security, commitment, and public service.

Many businessmen during the late 19th century were afraid of their workers to go on strike. This is no surprise that by 1880, every large U.S. city had established a police force (Waxman). Police officers are mainly instructed to protect the people and property. Officers have numerous of duties, which include, patrolling, traffic control, responding to 911 calls, writing citations, and arresting violators. Police Officers are even called to testify in court on a case they might have seen or possibly even handled.