Management Theories During The 18th Century

Idea of management is not new, if we think about the pyramids how were those build? How those big blocks reached up there? There must be some management activities to carry out such massive plans. In this article we will go through management theories which were presented during 18th century till 21st.

Early Management Theories

It was the era of industrial revolution, factories and industries were increasing day by day and the idea of mass production was spreading. In order to increase the efficiency, low cost and product new methods were adopted. As a result in late 1800’s theorists presented many theories to improve management practices.

Fedrick w Taylor (1986-1915) theory consist on four basic principal.

1. There should be a true science

In
this
way
he
recognized
how
much
workers
can do with the material and equipment in hand. He also suggested that the employer should pay the worker on the basis of their productivity using “correct scientific” rate, thus it will create a thirst among the employees to go beyond their previous performance.

LIMITATIONS
OF
SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT
THEORY

Although Tylor theory was implemented with great success but soon the unions and workers started opposing to high wages and increased productivity as they were under the impression that if they are going beyond their limit they will be exhausted and the increased productivity will finish the jobs and there will be no more work.

Moreover, Tylor’s theory clearly mentioned that time is important. Critics of his theory objected on the “do more” policy they were of the opinion that it placed an undue pressure on the worker to increase their performance and going beyond their limits. The focus on productivity which ultimately results in profitability led a few management personnel to exploit
both
workers
and
customers.
As
a
response,
more
workers
went into unions and secured a layout of doubt in relations between management and worker for

With the use of motion cameras they came up with the more economical motions for every task in order to increase performance and reduce tiredness.

The
Gilbreths
argued
that
motion
study
would increase the worker’s confidence in the management as it shows their concern for the worker’s physical benefits.

CLASSICAL
ORGANIZATION
THEORY
SCHOOL


The scientific theory was concerned with individual performance increase of productivity increase of a shop, with the increase in industrialization the need to manage those factories where this theory grew out in the time of need.

HENRI
FAYOL


Fayol is known as the founder of the classical school of thought because he was the first to systemize the managerial behaviours.For basic insight Fayol introduced a cohesive doctrine of managers.

Fayol believed in the scientific methods and was like Tylor, Fayol unlike the general believe that “managers are born not made” believed that “management is a skill and can be taught once the principals are leant”.

Fayol’s
14
Principles
of
management
 Division
of
Labor.The more the workers are specialized the more efficient will be the working. Authority.
Managers to get things done must give