Introduction:
“The 1950s marked a new chapter in American History” (Leeds Wiki). The music of today is completely different then the music of the past decades. A plethora of music of the 1950s was heavily affected by the Cold war. During this time of bloodshed a new genre of music had emerged from the battles going on around it, rock and roll. In the 1950s, music was heavily affected by the Cold war.
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Propaganda was very prevalent during the1950s era. Propaganda being defined as, “information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view”. One of the main theme of most propaganda was that America’s enemies wanted to enslave the planet and to destroy everything America loved dearly. Proclamations like these were international orders directed by Moscow, therefore the United States government was not above suspicion.Men like Joe McCarthy, however worried by making hysteria with “hit and enough to cause disruptions and loss of faith.” (Leeds Wiki 2). His followers thought that there were communists hidden everywhere. The American public was extremely disturbed and
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Popular artists of their era were men like Mario Lanza and Tony Bennett. Through these well known voices a new sound emerged from the very classical tunes, it was rock and roll. The genre Rock and roll was a new thundering mixture of country-western music with Negro rhythm and blues. The reactions of these adults hearing this new sound, was not so great. They thought the musicians of rock and roll were callow, pimply faced boys with duck tail haircuts and untrained voices. The man who turned this genre of music into a national teen religion was a 21 year old truck driver name Elvis Presley. The moment he went on stage adolescent teenage girls went crazy for the king of rock and roll. though this is not surprising Elvis was not fit for the family
In the late 1940s and during the 1950s Americans suffered from both a cultural and political hysteria that was caused by panic and anxiety about the Soviet threat. Many Americans believed that there were communists working within America to weaken the country. Thousands of Americans citizens, from teachers, actors and trade unionists to high level government officials, were accused of being communists or communist sympathizers, and were investigated and questioned in front of government committees and agencies. Their association with communism was often exaggerated and many people lost their jobs or were imprisoned based on inconclusive and at times fictitious evidence. The ‘Red Scare’ that occurred in the United States during this period in
During this time in the world people were scared of the red scarce. People would say that Joseph Mccarthy was the modern
This meant that people could be indoctrinating others in this much-hated belief for U.S civilians. This concern was rational as they would not like by any chance a society shaped by communism being a nation founded on democracy and freedom. Senator McCarthy raised concerns in communities in his speech “why we find ourselves in a position of impotency is not because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores...but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this Nation.” (McCarthy). This could have scared the civilians as if people living in the U.S are supporters of communism and are betraying the nation they could not feel secure in their own country.
The hysteria that there were communists in the United States was common, and Mccarthy would use this elicit fear to ruin people’s careers and gain power. Much of the panic also came from the fact there were Russian spies in the United States and they were able to steal American secrets. In March of 1954 (Document A) Eisenhower gave a speech addressing the large amount of “hysteria” in the country, addressing the fears of Americans from internal sources; more specifically he is addressing “Unwise Investigators” such as Mccarthy, and the fear people have of being accused of being a communist, and the fears of communism spreading to America, considering the communist spies that were already present in the United States. George Kennan's policy was to stop the spread of communism by using the method of “containment”, this policy would carry on through the next decade. Americans were desperate to stop the spread of communism at all costs, and would take military action and engage in two wars (Korean & Vietnam), in order to halt the spread.
It was called the “Red Scare” it was a time of hysteria that a threat was by the Communists in the U.S. Joseph R. McCarthy was the senator of the U.S. at that time and caused a lot of hysteria. Many people were saying that they were anti communists, and if you were had different opinions on that kind of matter then you were seen as a radical. In this time there was a case where Julien and Ethel Rosenberg was accused of being a spy for the Soviet Union. With all this hysteria already going on people started to point fingers at them. Even though there was no evidence of Ethel involvement in being a spy.
Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, The Beatles, Little Richard, Bruce Springsteen, and Johnny Cash are just some of the names that come to mind when thinking about the great artists that contributed to rock and roll. These artists helped create and develop the genre of rock through the blending of other genres and by adding their own unique take to music. The genre rock and roll is a unique blend of rhythm & blues, county & western paired with blues, jazz, gospel, and folk and was created between the 1940’s and 1950’s. While many argue that Chuck Berry was the creator of rock and roll in 1955, there is no doubt that there was another rock star emerging around the same time. His name was Elvis Presley and he would later be known globally as The King of
During the beginning of rock n’ roll, African Americans were trying to gain civil rights causing many conflicts between the music and race. Altschuler does a very good job on incorporating the historical events that took place as rock n’ roll began to emerge such as, Dr. King’s speech, the court case Brown vs. Board of Education, and a major integration at Little Rock Central High School. One of the biggest conflicts was that rock n’ roll music was not supportive of integration and many time criticized to a great extent. Other aspects that were made discussed throughout these two chapters were the different artist and how they did not support their own race and even some would not play at segregated venues, which included Domino and Nat Cole. Artist, such as Ballard, were condemned for the lyrics in their songs that were many times expressive towards sexuality.
Firstly, the Red Scare was a time where the United States was extremely divided, both socially and politically, and citizens were terrified about communists spreading their ideas of communism (Foster 2). This pandamonium stemmed from ideas of McCarthyism, strong anti-communist values (Goodman 1). McCarthyism, to some, was believed to resemble totalitarianism due to “the demagoguery, smear campaigns, informers, purges of the civil service and education system; the blacklisting of writers, artists, and entertainers; and incidents of book-burning” (Goodman 1) that both had in common (Goodman 1). To combat the spread of communism and to calm the overall panic people had at the time, the government created the House Committee of Un-American Activities
This kind of hysteria caused the Red Scare, which was a period that Americans thought communists were working to destroy America. This mass fear of communism ruined people’s lives and made them turn against their own family and friends. Joseph McCarthy played an
With all of the accusations going around, people were forgetting that everyone can have their own opinion. Edward R Murrow, a television host of See It Now bashed McCarthy by saying “’We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty’” (Roberts, 2). Murrow was saying that just because a person disagrees with what the president or a government official says, does not mean they are a communist. The United States has freedom of speech, and citizens can say whatever they want about the government.
In the 1940 's most people listened to music on a radio, but some people had phonographs as they were just becoming affordable. Some well known artists in this era were Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and Perry Como. In this time songs were extremely romantic and sometimes funny. They were almost always connected back to home as many Americans were away at war and loved listening to music that reminded them of home, so most music was centred around World War Two.
McCarthy manipulated the media, told outrageous stories about the communist conspiracy in the United States, and used his power and America’s fear to besmirch any opponents as “communist sympathizers” to make sure he remained at the top. Actually, most conservative members of Congress supported McCarthy because it helped them gain votes during elections. The majority of McCarthy 's movement attacked liberals and members of the Democratic Party and this aided anyone who was not part of those topics and organizations. Then McCarthy began to target the Army because they wouldn’t favor David Schine, one of his former investigators, who had been drafted in. “Senator Joseph McCarthy began hearings investigating the United States Army, which he charged with being ‘soft’ on communism.
In a public sense of affliction, business’ and other establishments were being boycotted under the assumption that possible communists were in charge of said establishments. This fear even pushed some americans to the absolute extremes, such as rioting, looting, and in some cases murder. When delving into a more personal level, “Government officials and people within the commonwealth of america were even being pushed to blame one another to save themselves from destructive criticism.” (Clark). Civilians were hounded by law enforcement, alienated from friends and family, and lost their jobs due to McCarthyism at it's finest (Red Scare).
Rock and Roll was a very popular cultural aspect of the 50s. It originated from African American culture then the whites interpreted it. One of the first singers to do this was the very king of rock and roll himself, Elvis Presley. Many adults hated this new music and wanted to ban it. A huge part of it was censored, for example on the Ed Sullivan show, Elvis had to wear a tuxedo and wasn’t allowed to dance because his moves were “sexually inappropriate”.
“Music has always been both a barometer measuring and responding to society's problems and possibilities, and the twentieth century was a period that witnessed the emergence of a diverse range of musical styles and genres, each seemingly in reaction to the dominant sociopolitical concerns of the day” (Morgan). Presley, Dylan, and Joplin had the greatest influence on American culture in the 1960’s. Elvis had a great influence on American culture through his influence on music, affect on American culture, and his legacy. Elvis also known as “the King” or “the King of Rock and Roll”was very popular in the 1960’s. Presley created new styles by gyrating his hips and dressing differently.