1972 Education Amendments

Education Amendments of 1972

Historical Context Following the Civil Rights success from the previous decade, the Education Amendments of 1972, commonly known as Title IX, were passed in 1972. Primarily, Title IX prohibits discrimination based on gender, in public education institutions that receive federal compensation. Introduced by Birch Bayh, Title IX was first introduced as one sentence attached to the Education Amendments. After initially failing, it was reintroduced as part of the Education Amendments in Senate Bill 659 (1972.)

Major Provisions Title IX in the Education Amendments of 1972 states that no person will be excluded from any education program receiving federal funding, on the basis of sex. Institutions were not to give

Moreover, this bill created rules against employment discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, disability, age, or religion (TX. H.B. 14.1983.) Consequently, this was ratified to support the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964. As determined by the 78th Legislature, all discrimination claims pass through the Texas Workforce Commission (TX. H.B. 2933. 2004.)

Major Provisions The Texas Labor Code is large and encompasses many issues; however the vast majority of the statute establishes a commission regulating discriminatory practices. Together with the sections defining terms, this statute becomes quite lengthy. This evaluation shall focus on the purposes and practices established and prohibited in this statute. All other components of the statute encompass procedural and fiduciary approaches to be made by the designated commission. Components relating to employer duties and rights of the Texas Labor Code §§ 21.001-21.556 are as follows:

1. Section 21.001: Purpose

• Support the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

• Create a commission to investigate discriminatory

Much of this Act reinforces the Federal Title IX guidelines. Furthermore, this statute gives individuals rights to employment, along with pathways to assert grievances at the state level in addition to the federal level. As an administrator, it is necessary to understand all mandatory requirements in this statute to ensure that all hiring practices are legal. Administrators in Texas must be familiar with every portion of the Texas Labor Code to properly file openings, hire employees and manage possible disputes effectively. Understanding employee rights and employer responsibilities assures that the school district is within compliance and protected from potential liability. Although not specific to education, the Texas Commission on Human Rights Act is the standard by which all employment discrimination is