According to a report by the state of Washington, the answer seems to be no. For those convicted in trafficking drugs, offenders are almost always charged with the most serious (in the case of multiple charges). Usually, in order to facilitate a plea, the charges will be reduced. Whether or not the defendant pleads guilty at the trial is one of the most important elements in sentencing.
Circumstances of the arrest are just as important. The variable is whether the trafficker was arrested in the course of a sting or stake-out operation. These are usually more serious charges. Charges will not be reduced in the case of an undercover operation, since intent is so blatantly clear. The report states:
"The findings of greatest importance to this study are those regarding the effects of race and ethnicity. Controlling for the arresting offense, and other legal and non-legal factors, we have found no
…show more content…
He argues in several different ways. First, there is a correlation between crime and the belief that you will not be treated fairly by the system. This is self-perpetuation. Media bias creates racial disturbances. For example, in 1980, white policemen killed a black biker in Florida, the media reported over and again that the prosecution's case was a lock. They lost, and a riot ensued. As it turns out, Florida media had no evidence whatsoever that the prosecution had a strong case, and created their reports for the exclusive purpose of creating racial tension and sensationalization.
Secondly, he argues that all races commit crimes of race, yet, even blacks are often willing to give whites a break more than other blacks. Many decision makers in the justice system have a tendency to favor blacks over whites. There is no overall reason to hold that, in terms of courtroom procedure, one race is privileged over another. He argues in addition that proving one way or another is
Hence, Zimmerman’s actions against Martin are far from surprising. They seem rather to be a logical consequence of existing growing prejudice and acceptance of racial profiling. Having raised this problem, Charles Blow also pointed to the question how race influences people’s perception of criminal danger. Apparently, George Zimmerman perceived danger in the situation with Trayvon Martin. Defining the level of danger may be caused within the context of decisions about walking at night or crossing to a sidewalk.
In 2013, the Supreme Court case Moncrieffe v. Holder refuses a Board of Immigration Appeals to removal from the United States of a lawful permanent resident based on a long term criminal conviction related to sole possession of small amounts of marijuana. The case finally made it all the way to the Supreme Court, which is considered a rather technical question of the interpretation of the U.S Immigration laws. Local police departments have long been accused of profiling Hispanic, African-Americans, and other minorities of race in law enforcement activities, including run of the mill traffic stop. Critics fear that immigration enforcement by state and local authorities will lead to increase of racism. Many Americans have shown concerns with the implementation of racist discrimination of the U.S immigration laws by state police agencies and local authorities.
Tom Robinson Tom Robinson was a part of the unfair and racist Court system in the 1900s. He and many other black men were falsely accused of things such as Rape, Burglary, assualt etc…. This Case was very similar to the other Falsly cases around this time the only difference being Tom Robinson had a Lawyer who defended him well. He provided us with loads of evidence proving Tom Robinsons Innocent. No Medical reports, The eye opposite Tom Robison's dominant hand was blackened, and Mayolla and her father have mixed stories.
Racism and racial discrimination has been a major issue in the U.S. since the colonial periods, where people have been treated differently only based upon their race. Although the civil rights movement opposed racial discrimination, the act of stereotyping individuals still continues till this day. Racial profiling by law enforcement is commonly defined as a practice that targets people for suspicion of crime based on their race, religion or national origin. A recent case, involving a young black man named Michael Brown is an example of how a police officer may act differently when facing an African American. “Ferguson Grand Jury Evidence Reveals Mistakes, Holes In Investigation” is an article written by Jason Cherkis’s and published on November
This verdict cause moral unrest amongst many people because it begged the question of whether or not the verdict would be the same had Trayvon Martin been white and George Zimmerman been black (Ford 2013). The privilege one receives by being white is a phenomenon that is still being studied but it is common knowledge that being white is often subconsciously seen as automatically having power and success, a privilege that minorities do not have (Ford 2013). The white privilege in the Trayvon Martin trial was clear and caused an outcry for justice, resulting in the Black Lives Matter movement, and while it created this affect amongst black Americans it made many white Americans deflect their guilt. The trial and the resulting criticisms of the verdict shows how the concept of racial privilege amongst white people creates feelings of insecurity which result in using the defence mechanism of rationalization to ease their worries. Their motivational influence to feel good about themselves, which is not a desire limited to only white people, allows them to justify their status quo by derogating the less privileged.
Racial Elements of the Trial The movies opening scenes introduce the racial issues to be carried throughout the film. According to legal theorists, race is an extra-legal factor that can influence the legal system and its principles. As a result, law is racist and these racial inequalities are embedded into the legal system (textbook). In 1984 when this movie takes place, it was years after the civil rights act of 1968 but the tensions between races were still dominant, especially in southern states such as Mississippi.
Race is a significant factor in the book Monster by Walter Dean Myers. The novel follows the story of Steve Harmon, a black teenager who is on trial for his alleged involvement in a robbery and murder of a store owner. Throughout the novel, the issue of race is explored in various ways, highlighting the systemic racism that exists within the American justice system. One of the key ways that race is addressed in the novel is through the portrayal of the justice system.
He asserts that “Something happens to people in law enforcement...after years of police work, officers often can’t help but be influenced by the cynicism they feel.” He rationalizes but does not deny, the law enforcement’s aggressive actions that the people of color may have seen or experienced. This method of pathos not only diversifies but also fortifies his thesis that there is evidence of racial profiling; however, he once again give reason for their skepticism to execute his primary purpose. Overall, dedicating three of his four “hard truths” to justify the actions of the law enforcement is crucial to his argument as a whole because his audience may have portrayed them differently
Regardless of the decisions made by the courts and the evidence available to the public, it is easy to blame the situation at hand on racism. However, according to the statistics relayed on The Juvenile and Criminal-Justice Center website, the stance leaning towards law enforcement bias towards black men, does not hold. These reports state that police killed 123 blacks. On the other hand, these reports also published that the same group of offenders killed 326 whites. That being said, what about the Michael Brown case has elicited such a violent and nation-wide response?
The author’s studies indicate that the criminal justice system choose majority of their targets and suspects predominantly by race. According to studies conducted by the U. S Department of Justice, the imprisonment rate by race per 100,000 residents over 3,000 black males were imprisoned in the year 2000 compared to white males imprisonment rate of less than 500. This shows that conviction of crime, robbery, murder, and other violence and drug related crimes has a clear discrepancy across racial groups.
Member of diverse ethnic and racial groups, particularly African Americans, believe that they are not treated with respect and believe that there is institutional racism in law enforcement. Institutionalized racism can be harmful to those impacted. For example, the use of pre-employment standardized tests claim that this kind of assessment could be biased toward people of a certain culture, so minorities tend to score lower (p. 48). Racism within law enforcement agencies has been documented for decades.
In the essay, “A Genealogy of Modern Racism”, the author Dr. Cornel West discusses racism in depth, while conveying why whites feel this sense of superiority. We learn through his discussion that whites have been forced to treat black harshly due to the knowledge that was given to them about the aesthetics of beauty and civility. This knowledge that was bestowed on the whites in the modern West, taught them that they were superior to all races tat did not emulate the norms of whites. According to Dr. West the very idea that blacks were even human beings is a concept that was a “relatively new discovery of the modern West”, and that equality of beauty, culture, and intellect in blacks remains problematic and controversial in intellectual circles
Another claim is that African Americans are overrepresented as criminals in the news. Therefore, the news expresses “fear” to the white community toward black communities.
American Journal of Political Science. Hurwitz and Peffley write on how stereotypes about African Americans have an effect on people’s attitudes towards crime and policy. The authors discuss the link on race and crime and how the media has a lot to do with it. This work will be helpful to my research because of the stereotype linking blacks to crime. It will support my thesis on how race is spread throughout
Justice was overshadowed by racism, and the judge’s hypocrisy was to blame for