20 Points zero tolerance Quality Control measures
Unlike other construction materials (i.e. steel, cement and admixtures) which are manufactured at factories in the controlled condition, the concrete is produced at site or OMC plant where the conditions may not be favorable every time. Also, the concrete is prepared by mixing of fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, cement, admixtures and water. The source of these materials, hence their properties, change very frequently which in turn effect the quality of the produced concrete.
All the structures are designed assuming a standard grade of concrete, thereby assuming certain minimum values of its strength and other physical parameters. To ensure the same in the structure, it becomes imperative
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temperature, humidity and wind play a vital role in the quality and strength of hardened concrete.
The following points must be ensured at site to produce the concrete of required strength:
1. In order to achieve full compaction and maximum density, it is necessary to use a mix with adequate workability.
2. To obtain maximum strength of the concrete a driest possible concrete should be produced and shall be compacted 100 %. This can be achieved by keeping Water/Cement (W/C) ratio at lower side. The strength of the hardened concrete is drastically reduces with increase in W/C ratio. Hence, W/C ratio should be strictly followed as per mix design.
Concrete of higher strength and better quality can, therefore, be made with the given cement by using less but sufficient water.
3. Curing of the concrete is paramount in achieving its strength. To get high quality concrete, the curing must be given higher importance. It is very essential to keep the concrete moist and warm enough. An efficient and un-interrupted curing is a must.
In the summer, due to combined effect of sun and drying wind concrete surfaces are likely to get dry thereby results in to inferior quality of concrete. Hence, wet covering and proper water curing must be ensured to get the quality
M3 M3: Make and support valid decisions relating to the specification of materials for a tutor provided application Introduction By using the materials identified in P6 I can decide on which material is best suited for a foundation, building frame, guttering, external cladding of walls and wall insulation by looking at each materials properties and performance. This will help decide on which material is best suited for each component of the building as we will be able to find which material is the strongest and long-lasting for the foundation and which is best at stopping heat transfer for the wall insulation. For a construction project to be successful the right material needs to be used for each component in the building to ensure that the
One of the most commonly used materials today, concrete offers many benefits. It's affordable, durable, and easy to install. In addition, it requires little maintenance. Routine cleaning and debris removal is all you need to keep a concrete driveway looking good. However, you do need to be mindful in the winter as de-icers can cause the concrete to break
2. Apply A Sealant Your concrete should have a protective sealant applied to it. This sealant helps block out water, moisture, and mold. It also prevents staining, cracking, and crumbling.
Abstract In this lab we separated a mixture to observe the methods of separating substances from one another using a series of techniques. In this lab we used magnetism, filtration, and evaporation to successfully separate the mixture into three separate components. Throughout the experiment we learned that mixtures are two or more substances combine and each substance retains its own properties and chemical identity.
Level 3 BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Construction & the Built Environment Unit 4: Science and Materials in Construction and the Built Environment Assignment 1 Title: Human Comfort within building Student: Clare Murray 13A Candidate number: 1246 Teacher: Mrs Keyes Scenario:
The Romans invented and revolutionised many innovations and technologies. Although, of all of these innovations and technologies, hydraulic cement-based concrete is one of the only to have greatly helped many in the ancient world, whilst remaining unchanged to help those in the modern world. Hydraulic cement-based concrete is certainly the most significant ancient Roman innovation that has come to be. Ancient Roman concrete was significant as it allowed the ancient world to build greater infrastructure. This in turn vitally helped keep the everyday citizens of Rome working and helped revolutionise trade and many regions’ economies.
A. Goal: Work on assessing areas for Quality Improvement in the organization by attending various meetings related to quality 1. (Specific) Attend Quality Improvement Meetings (Measureable) (Areas are being identified by scores either higher or lower) to learn about areas that are in need of improvement in the organization. (Achievable) This is achievable, because areas of improvement is the essence of the meeting.
It requires lots of time and is labour-intensive. It contains a mixture of sand, cement, crushed rock, pebbles, and water. The main ingredient in concrete paving is, however, cement. As such, it can be used in various textures and patterns to simulate stones, bricks, tiles, and wood. Further, by mixing cement and pebbles, paving can also be done in the exposed aggregate concrete form.
The surface at which the concrete is supposed to be placed should be properly damped so that excess water is removed. Use of fibers or silica fumes can also help to reduce the crack formation. 5. Plastic Shrinkage in Shape of
The Roman Empire The use of concrete in Roman Architecture Introduction: Roma, Modern day Rome, was founded in 753 BC, by the first of the seven Roman Kings, Romulus. The Roman Empire was one of the most powerful civilizations in history. The Roman power was echoed in their buildings with large arches and vast interior spaces, which was possible through the use of concrete.
Introduction The Romans developed many architectural advances such as concrete and the arch. According to the University of California, Santa Barbara ( n,d) roman concrete is similar to modern concrete in that it is an artificial building material composed of an aggregate, a binding agent, and water. Roman contribution to this basic structural mixture (concrete) was the addition as primary binding agent pozzolona, a special volcanic dust found in central Italy. Pozzolona created an exceptionally strong bond with the aggregate.
The greatest Roman legacy The Roman legacy that I believe has had the greatest impact on today's society is Roman architecture and engineering. The quote "Rome fell but its legacy lived on" means that even though Rome fell there architecture and engineering were still left behind. The things they and had built and created was still behind even though they were weren't at the top anymore. The Roman legacy that I has the greatest impact on today's society is Roman architecture and engineering. The other roman legacies were Roman art, Roman language and writing, and Roman philosophy law and citizenship.
Most of the structural design of buildings worldwide follows the codes of practice which are produced either through the experts in the country or through adoption of design codes from other countries. These codes of practice are document which drawn up by experienced engineers and a team of professionals as baseline or guideline for engineer in the general appraisal of the overall structural scheme, detailed analysis and design including the framework for addressing issues of safety and serviceability in structural engineering design (Nwofor, Sule, & Eme, 2015). Many improvements have been done to standard code of practices since more than thirty years ago due to changes in design and development. Standard that have been improved have been
Introduction The development of concrete and arches in Ancient Rome added to Rome’s reputation as a practical and rich empire ahead of its contemporaries. Romans used concrete and arches to improve their architecture, their sanitation, their defense, and their roads. Development of Concrete Opus caementicium, or Roman concrete was first developed in the early second century B.C.E (Cartwright, 2013). The concrete of the Ancient Romans was developed from the chocolate colored volcanic earth named pozzolana found near Puteoli and discovered around Rome(Ambler, n.d., Cartwright,2013).
Cracks are expected at intervals in this slab (Usually .90 to 1.2m) and are held together with structural steel. Appropriate spacing between cracks must be determined in order for this method to work. Continuously reinforced roads can sometimes be more expensive than the other two methods due to the higher quality of steel used in its construction, however this can be lowered by the reduced amount of cement used in the concrete mixture due to the thinner layer of concrete in comparison with the other two methods. With proper management, this method can be similar to the other two in terms of durability and cost