6.03 Chemistry Lab

2. The color of the copper carbonate hydrate as it was heated can help identify the product?

When carrying out this scientific technique you first need filter paper, tubing, clean solvent, and disposable dropper.

As previously stated, the following are the calculated RF values for each plate, Plate 1: Acetaminophen; Acetaminophen (Isolated)- 4.0/6.9= 0.57, Acetaminophen (Pure)- 3.8/6.9=0.55, Excedrin- 4.2/6.9=0.61 Plate 2: Caffeine; Caffeine (Isolated)- 1.9/6.8=0.28, Caffeine (Pure)- 0.8/6.8=0.12, Excedrin-4.0/6.8=0.59 and Plate 3: Aspirin; Aspirin (Isolated)-6.2/7.5=0.83, Aspirin (Pure)-6.2/7.5=0.83, Excedrin-6.8/7.5=0.9. The yield of each isolated analgesic was not calculated. The Rf values of the isolated acetaminophen, pure acetaminophen and Excedrin were all within 0.06. This is most likely due to the contamination of the TLC plate with Excedrin. During plating, drops of the Excedrin solution may have been introduced to the plate. Also, the capillary tube may have been contaminated. This lead to nearly identical marking on the TLC plate and similar Rf values. Due to this, it is not possible to conclude whether or not acetaminophen was separated from the sample of Excedrin. The Rf value of the pure isolated caffeine was 0.28. This was 0.16 higher than the Rf value of the pure caffeine. Although the value of the isolated caffeine is nearly double that of the pure caffeine, it appears that caffeine was separated from Excedrin, but the sample was not pure. It still had other analgesics present. This is concluded from the location

First, two grams on an unknown white compound were given. The possible compounds the known could be were CaCO3, KNO3, NH4Cl, CaCl2, K2SO4, (NH4)2SO2, Ca(NO3)2, NaC2H2O2, K2CO3, MgCl2, Na2CO3, 0.1 M AgNO3, MgSO4, NaCl, 0.2 M BaCl2, KCl, NaSO4, Mg(s), HCl, HNO3, NaOH, HC2H3O2, H2SO4, and KOH.

Determine the theoretical yield of the alum in each trial. Use the aluminum foil as the limiting reagent and presume that the foil was pure aluminum.

Then, the pipet was rinsed with distilled water. The bulbs were then attached to the pipette; filling and dispensing water were practiced using both bulbs. Furthermore, the 250-mL beaker was weighed, and its mass was recorded. After that, the Erlenmeyer flask was filled with 100 mL of distilled water. The temperature was recorded. Using the pipette, 25 mL of the distilled water from the Erlenmeyer flask was filled and dispensed in the beaker. The mass of the beaker containing the water was measured and recorded. In addition, the volume of the water transferred was calculated using the mass and density from the Density of Water table. Finally, the difference between the observed and calculated volumes of water was

The Main Purpose of this experiment was to determine the percent by mass of water in the hydrated salt. The second purpose was to

The purpose of this experiment is the density of six different substances. The way to figure this out is by finding the mass and volume of each of the substances. The hypothesis for the different experiments is that with each of the different substances and mixtures will be different depending on what they are.

A timer was set for fifteen minutes and the container was shaken consistently for fifteen minutes. A mental note was taken of how the container was shaken so that it could be applied to all trials.

Pour 50 mL of cold water into one detached chamber. Place the chamber with water and the chamber without water on a table side by side.

In 2013, the hypothesis of a study was energy drinks will allow a player to run more distances during the tournament (Coso, Portillo, Munoz, Abian-Vicen, Gonzalez-Millan, & Munoz-Guerra, 2013). The method used is a double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized experimental design. The study used sixteen women from the Spanish Rugby Sevens National Team(Coso et al., 2013). They were in their twenties and weighed on average one hundred forty-six pounds. There were two competitive days, Monday and Thursday of the same week. Each day there were three games. Randomly the players took a powdered caffeine energy drink dissolved in 250mL of tap water to get 3 mg/kg of caffeine per kg, or the same drink with no caffeine content. Eight players with caffeine and eight players with placebo for each competition day. The placebo drink and energy drink looked identical and had similar taste. The beverages were in opaque plastic bottles, consumed one hour before the game. Two days before the experiment, participants were nude-weighed to calculate the amount of energy drinks they had. The rugby players did the same exercise every time before a test. They were told to keep away from caffeine, and alcohol two days before the test. On the day of the experimental trials, participants ate three hours before they began the tests. Before the game, urine samples were collected from the players. The sample was frozen at -30 C to see the amount of caffeine was in it. Then the players

The purpose of this experiment is to extract caffeine from tea leaves using different solubility characteristics of caffeine in different solvents. The technique used in this experiment is liquid-liquid extraction. Caffeine are known stimulants that has physiological effects on humans such increasing alertness and reducing tiredness and sleep. This organic substance is also a diuretic and causes vasodilation of blood vessels. There are side effects of caffeine with high dosage such as insomnia and headaches and prolong usage may lead to dependence on caffeine. Caffeine can be found in tea leaves, coffee, kola nuts and cocoa beans with varying amounts. About 5% of the leaf weight comprises

Caffeine as we all know is a kind of stimulant in our central nervous system and classified as methylxanthine. It also stimulates some other parts of our autonomic nervous system. This substance was mainly found in the seeds or leaves of a certain plant. A well known example of this plant is the coffee bean. Thus, to calculate the caffeine content of soft drinks, we may use the process of HPLC.

Abstract — This experiment was conducted to familiarize the students with the procedures regarding distillation—to be more precise, the separation of ethanol from an alcoholic beverage—using a distillation set-up consisting of boiling chips, a Bunsen burner, a condenser, a thermometer and several other materials. In the end, it was discovered that one may actually separate a homogeneous mixture, given that the components of said mixture differ in volatility and that they utilize a complete distillation set-up and follow laboratory safety rules and regulations.

Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxantheine) is a xanthine derivative and member of a class of drugs known as methylxanthines (Sutor, 1958). Caffeine is a plant alkaloid and was isolated from plants as a white crystalline substance for the first time in 1820 by Ferdinand Runge. Simillar compound was isolated from tea (Camellia sinensis) in 1827 by Oudry. However, in 1832 Pfaff and Liebig identify caffeine as a purine compound, and IUPAC name 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine was denominated (Mazzafera, 2004). Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in the world (Dews, 1984). It is present in leaves, seeds, and fruits of many plant species of which coffee, tea, guarana, cocoa and yerba mate are the most well known (Ashihara et