Chapter 5 Analysis of Results and Comparison with other compensation methods 5.1 Experimental setup at BHEL Engineers training laboratory The Laboratory setup for the PWM Switching auto-transformer for Voltage sag mitigation, the laboratory setup validates the PSCAD results obtained in chapter 4 with lower range approximately meets the higher range. Figure 5.1 shows the schematic of the test setup. The actual test setup is shown in fig 5.2. The test system is built for a voltage of single phase 230V, while IGBT and power diodes are of 600V. The experimental setup consists of an PWM switch of an IGBT and four power diodes connected in such a way that the switch acts as bidirectional switch, a two winding transformer of 1:1 ratio is connected
When the gun recoiled, the oil pushed back a floating piston in the other cylinder compressing the air in it. The work done in squeezing the oil in the first cylinder absorbed most of the recoil. When the recoil stopped, the compressed air in the second cylinder exerted pressure to get the gun back to its original position (Weir
To solve to this problem, we allowed the plate to rise above the desired temperature and then we switched the fan on. The fan at high air velocities quickly cooled the plate to the desired temperature. The air temperatures and voltages were then recorded using the exact methods as before. Five air velocities were measured in total for the experiment. When the experiment concluded measurements needed to be taken of the metal plate.
The measure of ram pressure which is created by the air ramming into the tube is the pitot pressure. The pitot pressure under ideal conditions is equal to the total pressure which is also called as stagnation pressure. The tube is placed on front part of the wing or in the front part of the airplane facing forward, where it can be exposed to the relative wind. If the pitot tube is located in such a place the ram pressure can be more accurately measured since it will be less distorted by the airplane’s structure. Also when the airspeed goes high, the ram pressure also goes high, which can be converted by the airspeed
The flow of the large amount of air into the compressor creates high noise levels. A Silencer in the intake duct reduces the noise to acceptable levels. 1. Compressor. Compresses sucked in atm.
It seems logical to think that as the atmospheric pO2 decreases, in order to improve the oxygen supply to the blood the alveolar ventilation should be increased. This can be done by increasing the respiratory minute volume meaning pulmonary hyperventilation. This occurs when the alveolar pressure declines below 60mmHg and the respiratory minute volume increases progressively as the alveolar pO2 declines. Hyperventilation at the increased altitude occurs as a result of a stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors on the aorta and carotid sinus by hypoxia. The carotid body is a vascularised cluster of type 1 glomus cells which are sensitive to changes in arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2) and carbon dioxide which then signal the respiratory centres in the central nervous system to increase the rate and depth of ventilation.
The difference in air pressure gradient between the atmosphere and within the alveoli causes air rich in oxygen to rush into the body. When exhaling (expiration), the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax. This decreases air volume and increases air pressure within the thoracic cavity. The difference in air pressure gradient between the atmosphere and within the alveoli causes carbon dioxide to be expelled from the
The process capability enables the company to predict the failure rate within a process and make proceeding adjustments to avoid any unnecessary problems occur. The tolerance range for the company product is 0.6m/s to 1.4m/s. The standard deviation is 0.14. Cp is the process capability to produce within the specification limits while Cpk is the process capability to produce within the specification limits, if the mean is centered between the specification limits. The formula for Cp is Cp=(USL-LSL)/6σ while the formula for Cpk is Cpk=min (x ̄ -LSL)/3σ,(USL- x ̄ )/3σ.
Zeolite tends to neutralize the solution's acidity by exchange of H+ with the cations initially present in their structures. At higher pH level, the concentration of the H+ ions as competing ion decreases and that leads to an increase in the amount of the sorbed metals (Pandey, et al., 2015). The amount of complex hydrated forms of the metals increases with increasing pH that intensifies adsorption. The almost complete removal of Cu may be attributed to the contribution of hydroxide precipitation with specific adsorption more than Cd. The final pH of solution reached 6.8 for Cd and 7.6 for Cu (Fig.
Hence L18 array is selected to obtain the efficient results. D. Integration and testing of the data acquisition system Experimental setup of crank rocker mechanism with joint clearance is integrated with the hardware and software system for the data acquisition. The hardware used is NI instruments which consist of NI 9234 module for vibration and sound measurement. An accelerometer is used in the measurement of vibrations. The vibration signals are measured in terms of acceleration g. The LabVIEW software is used to in the data acquisition from accelerometer.