Sodium Vivax Research Paper
BACKGROUND
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes called "malaria vector". There are four parasite species that cause malaria in humans, and two of these species are P. falciparum and P. vivax – pose the greatest threat. Plasmodium falciparum is the most prevalent malaria parasite on the African continent. It is responsible for most malaria-related deaths globally. Plasmodium vivax is the dominant malaria parasite in most countries outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Symptoms usually appear 10–15 days after the infective mosquito bite. The first symptoms are fever, headache, and chills, may be mild and difficult to recognize as
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The manifestations of severe malaria include Cerebral malaria, with abnormal behavior, impairment of consciousness, seizures, coma, or other neurologic abnormalities Severe anemia due to hemolysis (destruction of the red blood cells) Hemoglobinuria (hemoglobin in the urine) due to hemolysis Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), an inflammatory reaction in the lungs that inhibits oxygen exchange, which may occur even after the parasite counts have decreased in response to treatment Abnormalities in blood coagulation Low blood pressure caused by cardiovascular collapse Acute kidney failure Hyperparasitemia, where more than 5% of the red blood cells are infected by malaria parasites Metabolic acidosis (excessive acidity in the blood and tissue fluids), often in association with hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose). Hypoglycemia may also occur in pregnant women with uncomplicated malaria, or after treatment with
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