Abbasid Period Essay

ABSTRACT
This study will discussed about five stages of growth and decline of Umran in Ibn Khaldun’s thought and its application to Abbasid period.
According to Ibnu Khaldun an umran or civilization has five stages as follows:
1) Stage of success (tawr az-zafar) is the era of establishment where there will be a ruler who promote progress in the umran.

2) Stage of establishing complete control over the ummah and claiming complete power. (tawr al-istibdaad). This is the stage when the ruler will monopolise his power and domination in the civilisation. This is also when the ruler secure his position as a leader of the nation.

3) Stage of leisure and Tranquillity (tawr al-faraj wa-d-dicah). This is the stage when the leader consolidate his power for himself by acquiring luxury, leisure. No matter how ill intention the ruler is, the civilisation does acquire economic prosperity. This

Mawali were also limited by an agreement to the Arab community if they were to become Muslims. However, the concept of the agreement were thrown out completely once the Abbasids came to power and this was the main difference between Abbasids and Umayyads. This also created a flow in the number of army serving the Caliph as non-Arabs joined the armed forces from a crowd of different areas and gave the Abbasid Caliphate a good early army. The new logic of equality among all Muslims under the Abbasid Kingdom meant that the soldiers could fight for their religious state, something far greater than their tribal rulers. It also meant that non-Arabs Muslims can function anywhere in the administration and military organizations and allow the Caliphate to extend even more as societies away from the capital in Baghdad moved from the “Amsar” exemplary to a more self-governing, merit-based scheme of people where racial cluster does not matter as much as religion