Abstract Intelligence Theory

INTRODUCTION & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

1.0 INTRODUCTION:

Intelligence is a word that describes ability of an individual to perform desired tasks well Over the years many people have their own definition of intelligence which is based upon what they felt important. It has been a trend in the past for people to think that intelligence is correlated to academic achievement. According to some it can be defined as the ability to perform well at linguistics, mathematics, logic and other school based academics. But recently there has been a switch to include a wider range of things in the definition of intelligence. These are such as problem solving skills, abstract reasoning, adaptability to environment, mental processing,

They are concrete intelligence, abstract intelligence &social intelligence. Concrete intelligence is the ability of an individual to comprehend actual or concrete situation and to respond & manipulate objects. Abstract intelligence is the capacityy to verbal & symbolic thinking .Social intelligence is the ability to communicate with people, understand and perform in social relations. Kulshrestha defined intelligence by assigning and defining the meaning of each letter of the term intelligence as follows ;I as the ability to take initiative, N as numerical ability, T as transfer of knowledge, attitude & skills, E as environmental adjustment and adaptation ability, L is language ability, next L is learning ability, I is the ability to point out various implication, G is Global ideal and purposeful attempt , E is effective management, N is knowledge of content expressed meaningfully. C is creative approach to carryout abstract ability and E is

He focussed on information –processing approach to problem solving. According to it a person approaches a problem from the time when he comes across it, gathers information and makes use of this information for completing the task. This process has six steps: a) encoding b)Inferring c)mapping d) application e) justification f) response. Sternberg gave a triarchic theory how human mind process knowledge.i)Contextual Sub-theory, ii) Component sub-theory& Experimental sub-theory. Contextual sub-theory declared intelligence to be a factor of practical nature. According to him intelligence is a proper instrument for adaptation and the selection and shaping of one’s environment. Component sub-theory advocates that a person’s intellectual functioning is decided by the components i.e. elementary information processing. They are of three types 1) Meta-components which represent higher order executive processes such as analysis of problem, selection of strategies and interpretation of feed-back.2)Performance components which is the actual mental processes used for the execution of a task such as task perception. Knowledge acquisition components which represent the process used in acquiring new information and synthesizing old ideas in some original and creative way Experimental sub-theory is the ability to deal with new tasks, problems or situations by adopting an information processing