CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
In the previous chapter, the objective and scope of this study have been described. The main objectives of this study are to analyse the relationship between students' academic achievement and their learning styles (Visual, Auditory, Read-write, Kinaesthetic) and to identify the most significant factors of learning styles that influencing mathematic achievement of diploma student of UniKL MITEC. This chapter discusses the previous research on the introduction to mathematics, learning styles, Fleming’s VAK/ VARK Learning Style Theory, research on the similar nature and theoretical and conceptual framework to achieve the objectives mentioned above.
2.1 Introduction to Mathematics
Mathematics is
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Basically, learning style can be described as to understand that every student learns differently. In other words, learning style also can be individual’s preferential way in which people especially students absorbs, process, comprehends and retains information.
Every student has their own learning style. It depends on the individual herself or himself to determine their suitable learning style. However, each student has different learning styles that they adapt. Based on the research by Mazlini Adnan (2013), it is stated that ‘some students like to be guided, the rest may prefer to study in group and some can perform better if they are given the chance to be freely involved in their learning activities. Some students get actively involve, being observant and listening to the music while learning”.
On the journal Learning Styles Towards Mathematics Achievements Among Higher Education Students by Sabri Ahmad (2014), it is stated that “students all have unique learning styles and preferences. Some may like group instruction while others may enjoy individualized instruction. Some learners are more independent than other
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Even though this theory was created for almost three decades, it is still widely used around the world for its effectiveness and precision.
2.3 Fleming’s VAK/ VARK Learning Style Theory
The VARK instrument defines the learning preference based on the sensory modality in which a student prefers to take in new information. The three major sensory modalities are visual (V), aural (A), and kinesthetic (K), which are collectively known as VAK. Fleming expanded this classification system to VARK to include read-write (R, a mixed sensory modality that is not assessed under VAK) (Loulwa Mohammed Saad Al-Saud, 2012)
The VARK inventory can be divided into four different categories. Each categories of VARK have different benefits to every learner. The description of each of categories can be defined as: a) Visual Learners Visual learners process information best if they can see it. Graphs, flow charts, and pictures are helpful to them. (Vanessa Marcy,
For weeks four and five we read Dirsken, chapters two and four. There were several key points throughout these two chapters, but three stood out to me the most. The first key point is from Chapter Two, and it is the four different learning styles. These styles are, Kinesthetic, Aural, Visual, and Read or Write.
Educators should have problem solving skills by analysing relationships among quantities, noticing structure, and observing changes and generalising, through which they could model, by making predictions and planning (Bobis , Mulligan & Lowrie, 2013, p.57). Children draw and use function objects to sort and classify them,
This way I will be able to gauge whether or not students are grasping the foundation of the lesson. A student who is not able to identify the correct organ - sense match will need more work on identifying their own senses. Second, I will have a quick worksheet for students to work on that will allow me to determine whether or not the students are able to identity sensory words and concrete detail for an object by sense. A student who is not able to come up with descriptions based on a couple of senses will not have met the expectations for this lesson and will need additional
Rhetoric is an important analytical tool in comprehending the message of a text while conducting research. Recent research of learning styles has turned out a wide range of facts, figures, and statistics. By studying rhetoric, a researcher can better identify unbiased sources. Over the past several decades, awareness of the three learning styles has grown significantly. As a result, many educators have endeavored to spread understanding of the importance of learning styles in the classroom.
Introduction: In the beginning there were five “super-motivated” students who were telling each other we are going to do the best job in this assignment, and suddenly there were two and then Three! That’s how it unfolded- My undoubtedly insightful journey of completing a rather simple task, which I thought at first, coming from a consulting background and done similar projects most of my time throughout last couple of years. But however the task given to us to complete as a team to evaluate and critique the issues occurred in the Organisational change process at the Brighter futures had me re-learn and understand at a deeper level, most of which I thought I knew (a regular occurring thinking error perhaps in me) and come out quite satisfied
Name: Institution: Topic: Kinesthetic and Visual Learning Abstract There are different styles and preferences of learning which are effective to different groups of individuals. Kinesthetic and visual are the main preferences styles, which have higher influence on delivering information and ensuring the learners process, store and memorize the data, figures and images. However, this however, depends on the ability of the individuals’ adaptability to either learning styles. For learners such in health sciences, engineering and complex disciplines, there is need to identify the most appropriate style.
2.1 VARK questionnaire 2.1.1 About VARK – 215 VARK learning style questionnaire was developed by Neil Fleming in 1987 when he was at Lincoln University and it is one most common test to help people identify the learning preference. VARK is an acronym for visual, aural, read/write and kinesthetic which also represented four different type of learning style (Fleming & Baume, 2006). The brief descriptions of these four types are as following (Brown, Rich, & Holtham, 2014): 1. Visual - visual Learner is preferred to depict the information into charts, diagrams, and graphs.
Mentees learning style : Mentioned mentee was already proved unproductive. This mentee was not enthusiastic to learn new things. In this case, mentor motivated the mentee to learn new things, build confidence in the mentee to perform new things and make the mentoring sessions interesting. This also helped to reverse the nervousness of the mentee, which was observed during training sessions of the new services and new techniques. Theoretical knowledge of the mentee was weak and with less technical skills.
The test once scored will show the stage in which the individual is strongest and also the score in each quadrant of the cycle. This conveys different individuals may cope better with some parts of the learning cycle to others and the ideal learner will have equal ability at each stage (Duff and Duffy 2002). However, this success will only arise after practice and knowledge of each learning
Learning style There are many different learning styles. One of the many different types of learning styles is auditory. The auditory learning style is when you learn better by listening. Another learning style is musical. The musical learning style is where you learn better by listening to music.
✔ Comprehension ✔ Application ______ Analysis ✔ Synthesis ______ Evaluation Learning Styles/Domains _____ Visual – Spatial ✔ Bodily – Kinesthetic
During my observations, I have learnt various behaviour for learning strategies. Teachers use different methods with different age groups and sometimes strategies even differ in different subject areas. With the support of my observations and my readings, I have understood behaviour for learning encompsses classroom
A learning style is an individual's approach to learning based on strengths, weaknesses, and preferences. And knowing yourself as a learner is important if you want to achieve to the best of your ability. When it comes to processing information,your brain is the most important part of your
The mental math strategies used by the focus child and the rationale for why a certain strategy was used over the next cannot be generalised to other students her age or even in her class. Nevertheless, the case study does show the value in conducting diagnostic tasks, such as the Mathematics Online Interview, to determine the individual learning points for each
Becoming a successful student or learner in college, university, or any third level education, mostly depends on a variety of attributes, which include some fundamental academic skills such as reading, writing, and critical thinking. It is therefore crucial that a student develops these skills in order to advance in their studies. These skills will assist students so they can become more effective learners in college and helps them develop the necessary study skills that will help the in research, and other aspects of college work. Academic skills give the student the advantage of becoming very successful throughout university and it will help them to grow to their full potential. Most of these skills continue to be applicable in future careers